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Free energy

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Free energy may refer to: Free energy perturbation, a method based on statistical mechanics used in computational chemistry Free energy principle, a variational...

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Gibbs free energy

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In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs energy as the recommended name; symbol G {\displaystyle G} ) is a thermodynamic potential that can be...

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Thermodynamic free energy

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thermodynamics, the thermodynamic free energy is one of the state functions of a thermodynamic system (the others being internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, etc...

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Free energy principle

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The free energy principle is a theoretical framework suggesting that the brain reduces surprise or uncertainty by making predictions based on internal...

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Helmholtz free energy

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In thermodynamics, the Helmholtz free energy (or Helmholtz energy) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the useful work obtainable from a closed...

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Renewable energy

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Renewable energy (or green energy, low-carbon energy) is energy from renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human timescale. Mainstream...

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Free energy suppression conspiracy theory

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Free energy suppression (or new energy suppression) is a conspiracy theory that technologically viable, pollution-free, no-cost energy sources are being...

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Energy

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and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved quantity—the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not...

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Surface tension

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the surface free energy may be completely different from surface stress (what he called surface tension):: 315  the surface free energy is the work required...

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Perpetual motion

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into electromagnetic energy, cannot operate with 100% efficiency, because it is impossible to design any system that is free of energy dissipation. Machines...

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Standard Gibbs free energy of formation

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The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (Gf°) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance...

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Grand potential

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The grand potential or Landau potential or Landau free energy is a quantity used in statistical mechanics, especially for irreversible processes in open...

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Chemical potential

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potential of a species in a mixture is defined as the rate of change of free energy of a thermodynamic system with respect to the change in the number of...

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Endergonic reaction

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in free energy is positive, and an additional driving force is needed to perform this reaction. In layman's terms, the total amount of useful energy is...

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Conformational isomerism

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overcoming a rotational energy barrier to interconvert one conformer to another. If the energy barrier is low, there is free rotation and a sample of...

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Spontaneous process

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free energy and it moves to a lower, more thermodynamically stable energy state (closer to thermodynamic equilibrium). The sign convention for free energy...

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Distortion free energy density

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The distortion free energy density is a quantity that describes the increase in the free energy density of a liquid crystal caused by distortions from...

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Surface energy

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In surface science, surface energy (also interfacial free energy or surface free energy) quantifies the disruption of intermolecular bonds that occurs...

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Negentropy

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turn on free energy instead. It is the more familiar notion in this context. But this highly technical term seemed linguistically too near to energy for making...

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Evidence lower bound

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sometimes called the variational lower bound or negative variational free energy) is a useful lower bound on the log-likelihood of some observed data...

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Activation energy

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activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that must be available to reactants for a chemical reaction to occur. The activation energy (Ea) of a...

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Conservation of energy

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The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be conserved over time. In the case...

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Canonical ensemble

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the total energy of the microstate, and k is the Boltzmann constant. The number F is the free energy (specifically, the Helmholtz free energy) and is assumed...

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Internal energy

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The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is the energy contained within it, measured as the quantity of energy necessary to bring the system from...

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Energy density

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physics, energy density is the amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume. It is sometimes confused with energy per unit...

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Chemical energy

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reservoir, etc. It is not a form of potential energy itself, but is more closely related to free energy. The confusion in terminology arises from the...

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Thermal energy

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internal energy and the Helmholtz free energy.[citation needed] Geothermal energy Geothermal heating Geothermal power Heat transfer Ocean thermal energy conversion...

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Marcus theory

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Gibbs free reaction energy Δ G ∘ = 0 {\displaystyle \Delta G^{\circ }=0} . From the reaction rate's temperature dependence an activation energy is determined...

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