Fracture of biological materials may occur in biological tissues making up the musculoskeletal system, commonly called orthopedic tissues: bone, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Bone and cartilage, as load-bearing biological materials, are of interest to both a medical and academic setting for their propensity to fracture. For example, a large health concern is in preventing bone fractures in an aging population, especially since fracture risk increases ten fold with aging.[1] Cartilage damage and fracture can contribute to osteoarthritis, a joint disease that results in joint stiffness and reduced range of motion.
Biological materials, especially orthopedic materials, have specific material properties which allow them to resist damage and fracture for a prolonged period of time. Nevertheless, acute damage or continual wear through a lifetime of use can contribute to breakdown of biological materials. Studying bone and cartilage can motivate the design of resilient synthetic materials that could aid in joint replacements. Similarly, studying polymer fracture and soft material fracture could aid in understanding biological material fracture.
The analysis of fracture in biological materials is complicated by multiple factors such as anisotropy, complex loading conditions, and the biological remodeling response and inflammatory response.
^Hui, S L; Slemenda, C W; Johnston, C C (1988-06-01). "Age and bone mass as predictors of fracture in a prospective study". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 81 (6): 1804–1809. doi:10.1172/jci113523. ISSN 0021-9738. PMC 442628. PMID 3384952.
and 25 Related for: Fracture of biological materials information
range of motion. Biologicalmaterials, especially orthopedic materials, have specific material properties which allow them to resist damage and fracture for...
the fracture of soft materials. However, LEFM general approach can be applied to understand the basics offracture on soft materials. The solution for the...
Materials science is an interdisciplinary field of researching and discovering materials. Materials engineering is an engineering field of finding uses...
basis of their physical and chemical properties, or on their geological origin or biological function. Materials science is the study ofmaterials, their...
theory of triboluminescence—based upon crystallographic, spectroscopic, and other experimental evidence—is that upon fractureof asymmetrical materials, charge...
Fibrils (from the Latin fibra) are structural biologicalmaterials found in nearly all living organisms. Not to be confused with fibers or filaments, fibrils...
engineering and materials science. A biomaterial is different from a biologicalmaterial, such as bone, that is produced by a biological system. However...
because of the wide range of solid materials available, such as steel, wood, concrete, biologicalmaterials, textiles, geological materials, and plastics...
Fractography is the study of the fracture surfaces ofmaterials. Fractographic methods are routinely used to determine the cause of failure in engineering...
impressive material properties, and how scientists have used this knowledge to develop novel protective materials. Nacre is the composite biologicalmaterial that...
Study of the fracture surfaces ofmaterials Grain boundary – Interface between crystallites in a polycrystalline material Metallurgy – Field of science...
fragile "pre-shadowed" metal replica of the fracture surface is released from the underlying biologicalmaterial by careful chemical digestion with acids...
synthetic materials, it is hypothesized that the compliant matrix needs to have a larger fracture energy than the elastic energy at fractureof the hard...
strength of brittle materials depends on the size of flaws distributed throughout the material. According to Griffith's theory offracture in tension...
materials as well as textile fabrics. In modern materials science, fracture mechanics is an important tool in improving the mechanical performance of...
for condylar fracturesof the femur Ender's nail for fixing intertrochanteric fracture Grosse-Kempf nail for tibial or femoral shaft fracture Hansson pin...
and reliability – from biological to geophysical materials: metals, alloys, ceramics, composites, electronic and natural materials. The scope evolved through...
used for many tasks for which materials like metal and polymers are unsuitable. Ceramic materials are used in a wide range of industries, including mining...
found materials. Surfaces of solids interact with other surfaces and the environment and derive the properties ofmaterials. Biologicalmaterials are highly...
biological, and acousto-optic sensors and/or transducers. Materials can transmit (e.g. glass) or reflect (e.g. metals) visible light. Many materials will...
materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication...
deterioration of rocks, soils and minerals (as well as wood and artificial materials) through contact with water, atmospheric gases, sunlight, and biological organisms...
In materials science Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) may be characterized by the variation in composition and structure gradually over volume, resulting...
to bone-like material created in a laboratory that can be used in bone grafts, to replace human bone that was lost due to severe fractures, disease, etc...
Global Information