The fracture of soft materials involves large deformations and crack blunting before propagation of the crack can occur. Consequently, the stress field close to the crack tip is significantly different from the traditional formulation encountered in the Linear elastic fracture mechanics. Therefore, fracture analysis for these applications requires a special attention.[1]
The Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) and K-field (see Fracture Mechanics) are based on the assumption of infinitesimal deformation, and as a result are not suitable to describe the fracture of soft materials. However, LEFM general approach can be applied to understand the basics of fracture on soft materials.
The solution for the deformation and crack stress field in soft materials considers large deformation and is derived from the finite strain elastostatics framework and hyperelastic material models.
Soft materials (Soft matter) consist of a type of material that e.g. includes soft biological tissues as well as synthetic elastomers, and that is very sensitive to thermal variations. Hence, soft materials can become highly deformed before crack propagation.[2]
^Goldman Boué, T.; Harpaz, R.; Fineberg, J.; Bouchbinder, E. (2015). "Failing softly: a fracture theory of highly-deformable materials". Soft Matter. 11 (19): 3812–3821. arXiv:1502.04848. Bibcode:2015SMat...11.3812G. doi:10.1039/c5sm00496a. ISSN 1744-683X. PMID 25857951. S2CID 3563761.
^Hui, C.-Y.; A., Jagota; Bennison, S. J; Londono, J. D. (2003-06-08). "Crack blunting and the strength of soft elastic solids". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 459 (2034): 1489–1516. Bibcode:2003RSPSA.459.1489H. doi:10.1098/rspa.2002.1057. ISSN 1471-2946. S2CID 17786122.
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