An example of morphological isolation in Salvia mellifera where the stigma and anther positioning determines the location of pollen contact on the bumblebee, promoting transfer within the species.An example of ethological isolation in Ophrys apifera where the orchids structure mimics that of a female bee to attract the male counterparts.
Floral Isolation is a form of reproductive isolation found in angiosperms. Reproductive isolation is the process of species evolving mechanisms to prevent reproduction with other species. In plants, this is accomplished through the manipulation of the pollinator’s behavior (ethological isolation) or through morphological characteristics of flowers that favor intraspecific pollen transfer (morphological isolation). Preventing interbreeding prevents hybridization and gene flow between the species (introgression), and consequently protects genetic integrity of the species. Reproductive isolation occurs in many organisms, and floral isolation is one form present in plants.[1] Floral isolation occurs prior to pollination, and is divided into two types of isolation: morphological isolation and ethological isolation.[2] Floral isolation was championed by Verne Grant in the 1900s as an important mechanism of reproductive isolation in plants. [3]
^Hodges, Scott A.; Fulton, Michelle; Yang, Ji Y.; Whittall, Justen B. (2003-11-17). "Verne Grant and evolutionary studies of Aquilegia: Research review". New Phytologist. 161 (1): 113–120. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00950.x.
^Schiestl, Florian P.; Schlüter, Philipp M. (2009). "Floral isolation, specialized pollination, and pollinator behavior in orchids". Annual Review of Entomology. 54: 425–446. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090603. ISSN 0066-4170. PMID 19067636.
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
FloralIsolation is a form of reproductive isolation found in angiosperms. Reproductive isolation is the process of species evolving mechanisms to prevent...
ISBN 1-930723-25-3 HTML fulltext Fulton, M.; Hodges, S. A. (1999). "Floralisolation between Aquilegia formosa and Aquilegia pubescens". Proceedings of...
doi:10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.002015. Fulton M, Hodges SA (1999). "Floralisolation between Aquilegia formosa and A. pubescens.". Proceedings of the Royal...
Pollination Ecology. Oxford: Pergamon. Fulton M, Hodges SA (1999). "Floralisolation between Aquilegia formosa and A. pubescens". Proceedings of the Royal...
selection pressures and chance fluctuations in allele frequencies. floralisolation flowering asynchrony founder effect The loss of genetic variation that...
16 April 2021. Fulton, Michelle; Hodges, Scott A. (August 1999). "Floralisolation between Aquilegia formosa and Aquilegia pubescens". Proceedings of...
involving pollinator isolation are known to occur: The most common framework for pollinator isolation in a geographic context implies that floral trait divergence...
lilies with the most floral parts are more derived than the genera with fewer floral parts.[clarification needed] Genera with more floral parts, Nuphar, Nymphaea...
Bailey & A.C.Sm. – Viti Levu – masiratu. The stage-specific movements of floral organs, including scent emissions of degenerias studied by Miller in 1989...
broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus). Grant, V. (1992). Floralisolation between ornithophilous and sphingophilous species of Ipomopsis and...
mid-December, with floral buds developing more rapidly on older shoots and floral primordia emerging from mid-January to February. The floral primordia initiate...
due to its relative isolation, temperate climate with high rainfall, and centrality to central Chinese, Siberian, and European floral communities. In 1979...
Rekha S. (1 April 2021). "Esterification of anthocyanins isolated from floral waste: Characterization of the esters and their application in various food...
Clusia and Dalechampia, which are the only known plant genera that produce floral resins to attract pollinators. Clusia resin contains polyprenylated benzophenones...
German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner. This is believed to be the first isolation of a medicinal alkaloid from a plant. Merck began marketing it commercially...
alienation, self-doubt, abuse, neglect, betrayal, social and emotional isolation, addiction, psychological trauma and a desire for freedom. The early grunge...
many island populations have low rates of gene flow due to geographic isolation and small population sizes. The Black Footed Rock Wallaby has several...
troubadours. Also known as the Acadèmia dels Jòcs Florals or Académie des Jeux Floraux ("Academy of the Floral Games"), it is the most ancient literary institution...
also a key ingredient in the "floriental" (floral-ambery) fragrance family – when combined with white florals such as jasmine, ylang ylang, gardenia, plumeria...
1938. The Serbers loved to ride through the pine and aspen forests and floral meadows of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, camping with minimal food and...
pollen export should increase as floral display size increases, because between-flower interference should increase with floral display size. These effects...
Neck, Island Park, Lawrence, Lynbrook, Malverne, Rockville Centre, South Floral Park, Stewart Manor, Valley Stream, Woodsburgh Hamlets: Baldwin, Baldwin...
Africa-South America split within both the Apidae and Megachilidae, the isolation of the Melittidae in Africa, and the origins of the Colletidae, Andrenidae...
the base of what appears to be the flower stem but is a highly elongated floral cup. Peanut fruits develop underground, an unusual feature known as geocarpy...
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