This article is about the crop. For the comic strip, see Peanuts. For other uses, see Peanut (disambiguation).
"Arachis hypogaea" redirects here. For Peanut allergen powder, see Peanut allergen powder-dnfp.
"Goober peas" redirects here. For the folk song, see Goober Peas.
Peanut
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Eudicots
Clade:
Rosids
Order:
Fabales
Family:
Fabaceae
Subfamily:
Faboideae
Genus:
Arachis
Species:
A. hypogaea
Binomial name
Arachis hypogaea
L.
Subspecies and varieties
subsp. fastigiata Waldron
var. aequatoriana Krapov. & W. C. Greg
var. fastigiata (Waldron) Krapov. & W. C. Greg
var. peruviana Krapov. & W. C. Greg
var. vulgaris Harz
subsp. hypogaea L.
var. hirsuta J. Kohler
var. hypogaea L.
Synonyms[1]
Arachis nambyquarae Hoehne
Lathyrus esquirolii H. Lév.
The peanut (Arachis hypogaea), also known as the groundnut,[2]goober (US),[3]goober pea,[4]pindar (US)[3] or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, important to both small and large commercial producers. It is classified as both a grain legume[5] and, due to its high oil content, an oil crop.[6] Atypically among legume crop plants, peanut pods develop underground (geocarpy) rather than above ground. With this characteristic in mind, the botanist Carl Linnaeus gave peanuts the specific epithet hypogaea, which means "under the earth".
The peanut belongs to the botanical family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), commonly known as the legume, bean, or pea family.[1] Like most other legumes, peanuts harbor symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules.[7] The capacity to fix nitrogen means peanuts require less nitrogen-containing fertilizer and improve soil fertility, making them valuable in crop rotations.
The botanical definition of a nut is "a fruit whose ovary wall becomes hard at maturity." Using this criterion, the peanut is not a nut.[8] However, peanuts are usually categorized as nuts for culinary purposes and in common English more generally. Peanuts are similar in taste and nutritional profile to tree nuts such as walnuts and almonds, and, as a culinary nut, are often served in similar ways in Western cuisines. World production of shelled peanuts in 2020 was 54 million tonnes, led by China with 34% of the total.
Peanuts
^ ab"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
^USDA GRIN Taxonomy, retrieved June 29, 2016
^ abDomonoske, Camila (April 20, 2014). "A Legume With Many Names: The Story Of 'Goober'". NPR. National Public Radio. Archived from the original on June 6, 2020.
^Beattie, H. R. (1911). "Farmer's Bulletin No. 431". USDA National Agricultural Library. "The peanut is known under the local names of "goober," "goober pea," "pindar," "ground pea," and "groundnut." The names "goober" and "goober pea" are more properly applied to an allied species having no true stem and only one pea in each pod which has been introduced and is frequently found growing wild in the Gulf Coast States."
^"Grain Legumes". www.hort.purdue.edu. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
^"Oil crops for the production of advanced biofuels". European Biofuels Technology Platform. Archived from the original on September 9, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
^"Legumes Of The World | Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". www.kew.org. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
^"The Peanut Institute – Peanut Facts". peanut-institute.org. Archived from the original on April 8, 2019.
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