Not to be confused with anthocyanidins, the sugar-free counterparts of anthocyanins.
Purple cauliflower contains anthocyanins.
Anthocyanins (from Ancient Greek ἄνθος (ánthos) 'flower', and κυάνεος/κυανοῦς (kuáneos/kuanoûs) 'dark blue'), also called anthocyans, are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH, may appear red, purple, blue, or black. In 1835, the German pharmacist Ludwig Clamor Marquart named a chemical compound that gives flowers a blue color, Anthokyan, in his treatise "Die Farben der Blüthen". Food plants rich in anthocyanins include the blueberry, raspberry, black rice, and black soybean, among many others that are red, blue, purple, or black. Some of the colors of autumn leaves are derived from anthocyanins.[1][2]
Anthocyanins belong to a parent class of molecules called flavonoids synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway. They can occur in all tissues of higher plants, including leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits. Anthocyanins are derived from anthocyanidins by adding sugars.[3] They are odorless and moderately astringent.
Although approved as food and beverage colorant in the European Union, anthocyanins are not approved for use as a food additive because they have not been verified as safe when used as food or supplement ingredients.[4] There is no conclusive evidence that anthocyanins have any effect on human biology or diseases.[4][5][6]
^Cite error: The named reference davies2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference archetti2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Andersen, Øyvind M (17 October 2001). "Anthocyanins". Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1038/npg.els.0001909. ISBN 978-0470016176.
^ ab"Scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of anthocyanins (E 163) as a food additive". EFSA Journal. 11 (4). European Food Safety Authority: 3145. April 2013. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3145.
^Cite error: The named reference efsa2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center. Corvallis, Oregon: Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
Anthocyanins (from Ancient Greek ἄνθος (ánthos) 'flower', and κυάνεος/κυανοῦς (kuáneos/kuanoûs) 'dark blue'), also called anthocyans, are water-soluble...
(outermost layer) of black rice contains one of the highest levels of anthocyanin pigment found in food. The grain has a similar amount of fiber to brown...
is a flavanol-anthocyanin adduct. Flavanol-anthocyanin adducts are formed during wine ageing through reactions between anthocyanins and tannins present...
sanguiin H-6. Other polyphenols present include flavonoids, such as anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols and phenolic acids, such as hydroxybenzoic acid...
not use food coloring, with the red color possibly due to non-Dutched, anthocyanin-rich cocoa, and possibly due to the usage of brown sugar, formerly called...
a slight shade of purple. Bilberries and blueberries contain diverse anthocyanins, specifically anthocyanidins, including delphinidin and cyanidin glycosides...
the raspberry orange. The dark flesh color is due to the presence of anthocyanins, a family of polyphenol pigments common to many flowers and fruit, but...
a class of polyphenols called anthocyanins. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, also called chrysanthemin, is the major anthocyanin in purple corn kernels, comprising...
anthocyanins, lutein, and are a good source of vitamin A, vitamin K, and vitamin B6. Black carrots are one of the richest sources of anthocyanins (250–300 mg/100 g...
Red rice is a variety of rice that is colored red by its anthocyanin content. It is usually eaten unpolished or partially polished, and has a red bran...
petals is caused by anthocyanins, which are members of flavonoid class metabolites. We can diversify three main classes of anthocyanin pigments: cyaniding...
tomatoes, are tomatoes that have been bred to produce high levels of anthocyanins, a class of pigments responsible for the blue and purple colours of many...
V. ovatum had greater total anthocyanin and polyphenols than did V. membranaceum. Each species contained 15 anthocyanins (galactoside, glucoside, and...
Myrtillin is an anthocyanin. It is the 3-glucoside of delphinidin. It can be found in all green plants, most abundantly in black beans, blackcurrant,...
from C. ternatea include various triterpenoids, flavonol glycosides, anthocyanins and steroids. Cyclic peptides known as cliotides have been isolated from...
turn dishes distinctively vivid violet because of the high amount of anthocyanins. Purple yams are also valued for the starch that can be processed from...
called anthocyanins. Anthocyanins range in color from red to purple to green, blue and yellow, depending upon the level of their pH. Anthocyanins also account...
Celsius are found to stall anthocyanin production as well as degrade the anthocyanins that are produced. Furthermore, anthocyanins were found to be positively...
Betalains are red or yellow pigments. Like anthocyanins they are water-soluble, but unlike anthocyanins they are synthesized from tyrosine. This class...
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