In molecular biology, the ferric uptake regulator family is a family of bacterial proteins involved in regulating metal ion uptake and in metal homeostasis. The family is named for its founding member, known as the ferric uptake regulator or ferric uptake regulatory protein (Fur). Fur proteins are responsible for controlling the intracellular concentration of iron in many bacteria. Iron is essential for most organisms, but its concentration must be carefully managed over a wide range of environmental conditions; high concentrations can be toxic due to the formation of reactive oxygen species.[1]
^Pohl E, Haller JC, Mijovilovich A, Meyer-Klaucke W, Garman E, Vasil ML (February 2003). "Architecture of a protein central to iron homeostasis: crystal structure and spectroscopic analysis of the ferric uptake regulator". Molecular Microbiology. 47 (4): 903–15. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03337.x. PMID 12581348. S2CID 38938808.
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a member of the ferricuptakeregulatorfamily and binds zinc with high affinity. It typically functions as a repressor of zinc uptake proteins via binding...
to give the corresponding ferric halides, ferric chloride being the most common. 2 Fe + 3 X2 → 2 FeX3 (X = F, Cl, Br) Ferric iodide is an exception, being...
its ferrous Fe2+ form. A ferric reductase enzyme on the enterocytes' brush border, duodenal cytochrome B (Dcytb), reduces ferric Fe3+ to Fe2+. A protein...
oxidising it back to ferric iron. In particular, bacteria have evolved very high-affinity sequestering agents called siderophores. After uptake in human cells...
gram-positive bacteria, this is usually regulated by the Fur (ferricuptakeregulator) repressor, whilst in GC-rich gram-positive bacteria (e.g. Actinomycetota)...
Siderophores, compounds of low molecular mass with high affinities for ferric iron, are important virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria. Iron—an essential...
the uptake of iron, reductive iron acquisition and siderophore-mediated. Reductive iron acquisition includes conversion of iron from the ferric (Fe+3)...
electrons are transferred from the ferrous ions to generate the binuclear ferric (Fe3+,Fe3+) centre with bound peroxide (C). Hemerythrin typically exists...
transporters including BtuCD, molybdate uptake transporter, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and others 3.A.2 The H+- or Na+-translocating...
hemosiderin. Apoferritin binds to free ferrous iron and stores it in the ferric state. As ferritin accumulates within cells of the reticuloendothelial system...
as a result of the storm, resulting in a further 14% reduction in oxygen uptake. Following the disaster, the use and non-use of supplementary oxygen was...
initiation site of a thermo-sensitive regulator ymoA, and sR084 predicted to pair with fur, ferricuptakeregulator. In the urban and sylvatic (forest)...
found in the environment. Iron is usually found in a largely insoluble ferric form. Furthermore, excessively high levels of iron can be toxic to P. aeruginosa...
Brown, John C.; Tiffin, Lee O. (1972). "Obligatory reduction of ferric chelates in iron uptake by soybeans". Plant Physiology. 50 (2): 208–213. doi:10.1104/pp...
refrigerated foods. At refrigeration temperature, such as 4 °C, the amount of ferric iron can affect the growth of L. monocytogenes. The primary site of infection...
acquisition by Legionella pneumophila: new pathways for siderophore uptake and ferric iron reduction". Future Microbiology. 10 (5): 841–851. doi:10.2217/fmb...
sulfate. Dosage recommendations vary from 190 mL to 4.8 L per 1000 m2. Ferric alum treatments at the rate of 50 mg/L will reduce algae blooms. Simazine...
disputes involve consumers, farmers, biotechnology companies, governmental regulators, non-governmental organizations, and scientists. The key areas of controversy...
consequences. Radionuclides carried by groundwater systems have resulted in the uptake of radioactive material in plants and then up the food chains into animals...
synthesis. Active ERK and mTOR pathways also lead to increased nutrient uptake in HSCs. In addition to this biosynthetic role, mTOR can also increase the...
Matscheski A, Pircher H, et al. (April 2012). "Analysis of the cellular uptake and nuclear delivery of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in...
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