Origin and diversification of fungi through geologic time
Different species of fungus. Clockwise from top left: Amanita muscaria, a basidiomycete; Sarcoscypha coccinea, an ascomycete; bread covered in mold; a chytrid; an Aspergillus conidiophore.
Fungi diverged from other life around 1.5 billion years ago,[1][2] with the glomaleans branching from the "higher fungi" (dikaryans) at ~570 million years ago, according to DNA analysis. (Schüssler et al., 2001; Tehler et al., 2000)[2] Fungi probably colonized the land during the Cambrian, over 500 million years ago, (Taylor & Osborn, 1996),[2] and possibly 635 million years ago during the Ediacaran,[3][4] but terrestrial fossils only become uncontroversial and common during the Devonian, 400 million years ago.[2]
^Wang, D.Y.C.; Kumar, S.; Hedges, S.B. (1999). "Divergence time estimates for the early history of animal phyla and the origin of plants, animals and fungi". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 266 (1415): 163–171. doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0617. PMC 1689654. PMID 10097391.
^ abcdBrundrett M.C. (2002). "Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants". New Phytologist. 154 (2): 275–304. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x. PMID 33873429.
760–1060 Ma on the basis of comparisons of the rate ofevolution in closely related groups. For much of the Paleozoic Era (542–251 Ma), the fungi appear to have...
A fungus (pl.: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as...
Dikarya is a subkingdom ofFungi that includes the divisions Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, both of which in general produce dikaryons, may be filamentous...
Marine fungi are species offungi that live in marine or estuarine environments. They are not a taxonomic group, but share a common habitat. Obligate marine...
(UK, CW) is one of the structures that certain fungi can form. The dust-like, colored appearance of molds is due to the formation of spores containing...
et al. (2020). "Large-scale genome sequencing of mycorrhizal fungi provides insights into the early evolutionof symbiotic traits". Nature Communications....
the hypothesis of fungal monophyly, which is now the consensus. Sherwood-Pike, Martha (1991-01-01). "Fossils as keys to evolution in fungi". Biosystems...
phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes...
impact and spread of microbial fungi in geological processes. Evolutionoffungi Mycology Paleontology Brown OLM (2004). "Fossil fungi or paleomycology"...
taxa above class rank in the Ascomycota Tree of Life". Persoonia – Molecular Phylogeny and EvolutionofFungi. 22: 129–138. doi:10.3767/003158509x461486...
Timeline of plant evolution – Chronological outline of major events in the development of plants Evolutionoffungi – Origin and diversification offungi through...
their evolution. Land plants were so successful that their detritus caused an ecological crisis in the Late Devonian, until the evolutionoffungi that...
mycorrhizae) is a type of mycorrhiza in which the symbiont fungus (AM fungi, or AMF) penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant forming...
accumulation; evolutionoffungi or herbivores that were more destructive of wetlands; the extinction of all plants adapted to peat swamps, with a hiatus of several...
authors list (link) "First Land Plants and Fungi Changed Earth's Climate, Paving the Way for Explosive Evolutionof Land Animals, New Gene Study Suggests"...
species in the Teratosphaeriaceae". Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and EvolutionofFungi. 33: 1–40. doi:10.3767/003158514X681981. PMC 4312929. PMID 25737591...
Many human diseases are not static phenomena, but capable ofevolution. Viruses, bacteria, fungi and cancers evolve to be resistant to host immune defences...
Glomerella) is a genus offungi that are symbionts to plants as endophytes (living within the plant) or phytopathogens. Many of the species in this genus...
Chytridiomycota are a division of zoosporic organisms in the kingdom Fungi, informally known as chytrids. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek χυτρίδιον...
the soft bodies of ectomycorrhizal fungi do not easily fossilize. Molecular clockwork has suggested the evolutionof ectomycorrhizal fungi occurred approximately...
Radiotrophic fungi are fungi that can perform the hypothetical biological process called radiosynthesis, which means using ionizing radiation as an energy...
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