Species of fungi that live in marine or estuarine environments
Morphological diversity of fungi collected from a marine sponge species, Ircinia variabilis[1]
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Marine fungi are species of fungi that live in marine or estuarine environments. They are not a taxonomic group, but share a common habitat. Obligate marine fungi grow exclusively in the marine habitat while wholly or sporadically submerged in sea water. Facultative marine fungi normally occupy terrestrial or freshwater habitats, but are capable of living or even sporulating in a marine habitat. About 444 species of marine fungi have been described, including seven genera and ten species of basidiomycetes, and 177 genera and 360 species of ascomycetes. The remainder of the marine fungi are chytrids and mitosporic or asexual fungi.[2] Many species of marine fungi are known only from spores and it is likely a large number of species have yet to be discovered.[3] In fact, it is thought that less than 1% of all marine fungal species have been described, due to difficulty in targeting marine fungal DNA and difficulties that arise in attempting to grow cultures of marine fungi.[4] It is impracticable to culture many of these fungi, but their nature can be investigated by examining seawater samples and undertaking rDNA analysis of the fungal material found.[3]
Different marine habitats support very different fungal communities. Fungi can be found in niches ranging from ocean depths and coastal waters to mangrove swamps and estuaries with low salinity levels.[5] Marine fungi can be saprobic or parasitic on animals, saprobic or parasitic on algae, saprobic on plants or saprobic on dead wood.[2]
^Paz, Z.; Komon-Zelazowska, M.; Druzhinina, I. S.; Aveskamp, M. M.; Shnaiderman, A.; Aluma, Y.; Carmeli, S.; Ilan, M.; Yarden, O. (30 January 2010). "Diversity and potential antifungal properties of fungi associated with a Mediterranean sponge". Fungal Diversity. 42 (1): 17–26. doi:10.1007/s13225-010-0020-x. S2CID 45289302.
^ abSpecies of Higher Marine Fungi Archived 2013-04-22 at the Wayback Machine University of Mississippi. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
^ abCite error: The named reference teachingbiology was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Gladfelter, Amy S.; James, Timothy Y.; Amend, Anthony S. (March 2019). "Marine fungi". Current Biology. 29 (6): R191–R195. Bibcode:2019CBio...29.R191G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.009. PMID 30889385.
^E. B. Gareth Jones (2000). "Marine fungi: some factors influencing biodiversity" (PDF). Fungal Diversity. 4: 53–73.
Marinefungi are species of fungi that live in marine or estuarine environments. They are not a taxonomic group, but share a common habitat. Obligate...
by photosynthetic organisms. Marinefungi can be classified as: Lower fungi – adapted to marine habitats (zoosporic fungi, including mastigomycetes: oomycetes...
Stalpers, J. "Dictionary of the Fungi". Edn 10. CABI, 2008 Hyde, K.D.; E.B.J. Jones (1989). "Spore attachment in marinefungi". Botanica Marina. 32 (3): 205–218...
by photosynthetic organisms. Marinefungi can be classified as: Lower fungi - adapted to marine habitats (zoosporic fungi, including mastigomycetes: oomycetes...
concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food...
of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes...
bivalves, fish, and baleen whales. Marine plankton include bacteria, archaea, algae, protozoa, microscopic fungi, and drifting or floating animals that...
The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera (IRMNG) is a taxonomic database which attempts to cover published genus names for all domains of life...
well as many extreme environments Fungi: many marinefungi with diverse roles are found in oceanic environments Marine life, sea life, or ocean life is...
tooth fungi, and so on. "Mushroom" has been used for polypores, puffballs, jelly fungi, coral fungi, bracket fungi, stinkhorns, and cup fungi. Thus,...
members of the plankton communities of marine and freshwater ecosystems. They are composed of filamentous free-living fungi and yeasts that are associated with...
15–20% of all environmental DNA in marine and soil systems, but only around 5% in freshwater systems, where chytrid fungi likely fill that ecological niche...
Medicinal fungi are fungi that contain metabolites or can be induced to produce metabolites through biotechnology to develop prescription drugs. Compounds...
symbiosis of algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species, along with a yeast embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualistic...
characterization of viral and plasmid symbionts from a collection of marinefungi". Virus Research. 219: 22–38. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2015.10.028. hdl:2318/1527617...
The Fungi of Australia form an enormous and phenomenally diverse group, a huge range of freshwater, marine and terrestrial habitats with many ecological...
Benthic animal communities also exist around the continent. Over 1000 fungi species have been found on and around Antarctica. Larger species are restricted...
condition. Some marinefungi have been found to produce compounds that inhibit AChE. However, the specific role and mechanisms of AChE in fungi are not as...
abundance in this time, land fungi diversified further. Marinefungi still occupied the oceans. All modern classes of fungi were present in the late Carboniferous...
The cyphelloid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota that have disc-, tube-, or cup-shaped basidiocarps (fruit bodies), resembling species of...
characters Nia (fitness), a type of aerobic exercise Nia (fungus), a genus of marinefungi SS Nia, a French steamship in service 1952–54 Nia, a principle of Kwanza...
Etheirophoraceae is a family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class...
Juncigenaceae is a family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class...
biodiversity, however, also includes marine vertebrates, invertebrates (freshwater, terrestrial and marine), fungi (including lichen-forming species),...
were marine invertebrates, that is, vertebrates came later. Animals are multicellular eukaryotes, and are distinguished from plants, algae, and fungi by...
Fungi are considered to be in urgent need of conservation by the British Mycological Society on the grounds that it is a traditionally neglected taxon...
the occurrence of marinefungi". Indian Journal of Marine Sciences. 26: 380–38. Tokura, R. (1984-01-01). "Sand-inhabiting MarineFungi from Japanese Beaches"...
"4 Basidiomycota." MarineFungi: and Fungal-like Organisms (2012): 49. Fell, Jack W. "6 Yeasts in marine environments." MarineFungi: and Fungal-like Organisms...
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