The chemical structure of modafinil, the prototypical drug of this class
Class identifiers
Synonyms
Wakefulness-promoting agent Wakefulness-promoting drug
Use
Promote wakefulness and alertness
ATC code
N06B
Legal status
In Wikidata
Eugeroics (originally "eugrégorique" or "eugregoric"),[1] also known as wakefulness-promoting agents and wakefulness-promoting drugs, are a class of drugs that promote wakefulness and alertness.[2][3] They are medically indicated for the treatment of certain sleep disorders including excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).[2][3] Eugeroics are also often prescribed off-label for the treatment of EDS in idiopathic hypersomnia.[4] In contrast to classical psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine, which are also used in the treatment of these disorders, eugeroics typically do not produce marked euphoria, and, consequently, have a lower addictive potential.[2][3][5]
Modafinil and armodafinil are each thought to act as selective, weak, atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DRI),[2][3] whereas adrafinil acts as a prodrug for modafinil. Other eugeroics include solriamfetol, which acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI),[6][7] and pitolisant, which acts as a histamine 3 (H3) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist.[8][9][10]
^Milgram, Norton W.; Callahan, Heather; Siwak, Christina (2006). "Adrafinil: A Novel Vigilance Promoting Agent". CNS Drug Reviews. 5 (3): 193–212. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.1999.tb00100.x. ISSN 1080-563X.
^ abcd"Provigil: Prescribing information" (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Cephalon, Inc. January 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
^ abcd"Nuvigil: Prescribing information" (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Cephalon, Inc. April 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
^"Practice Parameters for the Treatment of Narcolepsy and other Hypersomnias of Central Origin" (PDF). American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). September 2007.
^Taneja, Indu; Haman, Kirsten; Shelton, Richard C.; Robertson, David (February 2007). "A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of modafinil on mood". Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 27 (1): 76–79. doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e31802eb7ea. ISSN 0271-0749. PMID 17224718. S2CID 40801601.
^Stahl, Stephen M.; Pradko, James F.; Haight, Barbara R.; Modell, Jack G.; Rockett, Carol B.; Learned-Coughlin, Susan (2004-08-13). "A Review of the Neuropharmacology of Bupropion, a Dual Norepinephrine and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor". The Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 06 (4): 159–166. doi:10.4088/PCC.v06n0403. ISSN 1523-5998. PMC 514842. PMID 15361919.
^Stahl, Stephen M. (2009-03-02). Stahl's Illustrated Antidepressants. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-75852-9.
^Schwartz, Jean-Charles (2011). "The histamine H3 receptor: from discovery to clinical trials with pitolisant: H3 Receptor: from discovery to clinical trials". British Journal of Pharmacology. 163 (4): 713–721. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01286.x. PMC 3111674. PMID 21615387.
^Kollb-Sielecka, Marta; Demolis, Pierre; Emmerich, Joseph; Markey, Greg; Salmonson, Tomas; Haas, Manuel (2017). "The European Medicines Agency review of pitolisant for treatment of narcolepsy: summary of the scientific assessment by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use". Sleep Medicine. 33: 125–129. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.01.002. PMID 28449891.
^Inocente, Clara; Arnulf, Isabelle; Bastuji, Hélène; Thibault-Stoll, Anne; Raoux, Aude; Reimão, Rubens; Lin, Jian-Sheng; Franco, Patricia (2012). "Pitolisant, an Inverse Agonist of the Histamine H3 Receptor: An Alternative Stimulant for Narcolepsy-Cataplexy in Teenagers With Refractory Sleepiness". Clinical Neuropharmacology. 35 (2): 55–60. doi:10.1097/WNF.0b013e318246879d. ISSN 0362-5664. PMID 22356925. S2CID 36336966.
Eugeroics (originally "eugrégorique" or "eugregoric"), also known as wakefulness-promoting agents and wakefulness-promoting drugs, are a class of drugs...
published by Cephalon describing research to develop a successor to the eugeroic modafinil reported that the corresponding fluorenol derivative was 39%...
Armodafinil (trade name Nuvigil) is the enantiopure compound of the eugeroic modafinil (Provigil). It consists of only the (R)-(−)-enantiomer of the racemic...
also considered a medication of class "eugeroic", which means that it promotes wakefulness and alertness. Eugeroics are different from traditional CNS stimulants...
considered a medication of eugeroic class, which means that it promotes wakefulness and alertness. Pitolisant is the first eugeroic drug that acts by blocking...
born and the associated activation of the locus coeruleus. Dream argument Eugeroic High-conductance state Lucid dream Sleepwalking "Sleep, dreams and wakefulness"...
system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class. It is mainly used as a eugeroic (wakefulness promoter) or as a mild cognitive enhancer to increase alertness...
alter the circadian rhythm, and methylphenidate, which acts similarly; and eugeroic drugs like modafinil and armodafinil with poorly understood mechanisms...
significant benefits or even a decline in cognitive functions. Modafinil, a eugeroic or wakefulness-promoting drug, is primarily used for treating narcolepsy...
Cocaine is also used to increase alertness, and is present in coca tea. The eugeroic modafinil has recently gained popularity with the US Military[vague] and...
meta-analysis found an increase in alertness and attentional performance. Eugeroics (armodafinil and modafinil) – are classified as "wakefulness-promoting...
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