Mephedrone, also known as 4-methylmethcathinone, 4-MMC, and 4-methylephedrone, is a synthetic stimulant drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes. Slang names include drone,[5]M-CAT,[6]White Magic,[7]meow meow and bubble.[8] It is chemically similar to the cathinone compounds found in the Khat plant of eastern Africa.[5][9] It comes in the form of tablets or crystals,[10] which users can swallow, snort or inject, producing effects similar to those of MDMA, amphetamines and cocaine.
In addition to its stimulant effects, mephedrone produces side effects, of which bruxism is the most common. The metabolism of mephedrone has been studied in rats and humans and the metabolites can be detected in urine after usage.
Mephedrone was first synthesised in 1929, but did not become widely known until it was rediscovered in 1999–2000 at which point it was legal to produce and possess in many countries. By 2000, mephedrone was reported to be available for sale on the internet, by 2008 law enforcement agencies had become aware of the compound, and by 2010, it had been reported in most of Europe, becoming particularly prevalent in the United Kingdom. Mephedrone was first made illegal in Israel in 2008, followed by Sweden later that year. In 2010, it was made illegal in many European countries and in December 2010, the EU ruled it illegal. In Australia, New Zealand and the United States, it is considered an analog of other illegal drugs and can be controlled by laws similar to the US Federal Analog Act. In September 2011, the US temporarily classified mephedrone as a Schedule I drug, effective October 2011. This classification was made permanent in July 2012 with the passage of the Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act (SDAPA).
^Cite error: The named reference meyer2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Anvisa (24 July 2023). "RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 25 July 2023). Archived from the original on 27 August 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
^"Substance Details 4-Methylmethcathinone". Retrieved 22 January 2024.
^ abCite error: The named reference emcdda was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Cumming was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference bbc0803 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Kihara R, Day E (May 2014). "Transient psychotic episodes following recreational use of NRG-3". Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry. 18 (3): 14–18. doi:10.1002/pnp.331. S2CID 70766780.
^Schifano F, Albanese A, Fergus S, Stair JL, Deluca P, Corazza O, et al. (April 2011). "Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone; 'meow meow'): chemical, pharmacological and clinical issues" (PDF). Psychopharmacology. 214 (3): 593–602. doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2070-x. hdl:2299/16594. PMID 21072502. S2CID 10529974.
^Cite error: The named reference acmdreport was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Mephedrone". Alcohol and Drug Foundation. 10 November 2021. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
Mephedrone, also known as 4-methylmethcathinone, 4-MMC, and 4-methylephedrone, is a synthetic stimulant drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes....
and cocaine. Mephedrone was first synthesized in 1929, but did not become widely known until it was rediscovered in 2003. By 2007, mephedrone was reported...
commonly referred to as crystal meth, tina, or T. Other substances like mephedrone, GHB, GBL, and alkyl nitrites (known as poppers) are also used. The term...
have included a wide variety of designer stimulants such as geranamine, mephedrone, MDPV and desoxypipradrol, several designer sedatives such as methylmethaqualone...
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entactogen drug of the amphetamine class. It is the β-deketo analogue of mephedrone. 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) 4-Methylmethcathinone (4-MMC) 3-Methylmethamphetamine...
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that share this structure include the stimulants methcathinone, MDPV, mephedrone and the antidepressant bupropion. Khat has been cultivated in the Horn...
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Attorney General Pam Bondi issued an emergency ban on MDPV, Methylone, Mephedrone, 3-methoxymethcathinone, 3-fluoromethcathinone, and 4-fluoromethcathinone...
drugs reported to be administered subcutaneously have included cocaine, mephedrone, and amphetamine derivatives such as PMMA. Contraindications to subcutaneous...
Stimulants (typically monoaminergics) such as amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA, and mephedrone. Anticholinergics such as diphenhydramine, atropine, hyoscyamine, and...
vary widely. Some of these substances contain methylone, ethylone, MDPV, mephedrone, or any other of the group of compounds commonly known as bath salts,...
including amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, cathinone, methcathinone, mephedrone, and methylone, are all DRIs as well, but are distinct in that they also...