This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Equative case" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Equative is a case prototypically expressing the standard of comparison of equal values ("as… as a …"). The equative case has been used in very few languages in history.[citation needed] It was used in the Sumerian language, where it also took on the semantic functions of the essive case ("in the capacity of…") and similative case ("like a…").[1]
For Sumerian, the equative was formed by adding the suffix -gin7 to the end of a noun phrase. In its similative function:
lugal
"king"
→
lugal-gin7
"kinglike", "like a king"
lugal → lugal-gin7
"king" {} {"kinglike", "like a king"}
nitah-kalaga
"mighty man"
→
nitah-kalaga-gin7
"like a mighty man"
nitah-kalaga → nitah-kalaga-gin7
{"mighty man"} {} {"like a mighty man"}
For Ossetic it is formed by the ending -ау [aw]:[2]
фӕт
"arrow"
→
фӕтау
"arrowlike"
фӕт → фӕтау
"arrow" {} "arrowlike"
Ницы
фенӕгау
йӕхи
акодта
Ницы фенӕгау йӕхи акодта
lit. "nothingseer-like himself made" ("[he or she] pretended to see nothing").
It is found subdialectally in some speakers of the Khalkha dialect of Mongolian, where it is formed by the endings -цаа [tsaa], -цоо [tsoo], -цээ [tsee] or -цөө [tsöö], depending on the vowel harmony of the noun. It is quite rare and very specific, referring to the height or level of an object:[3]
эрэг
"[river]bank"
→
эрэгцээ
"as high as the bank"
эрэг → эрэгцээ
"[river]bank" {} {"as high as the bank"}
өвдөг
"knee(s)"
→
өвдөгцөө
"up to the height of the knee(s)"
өвдөг → өвдөгцөө
"knee(s)" {} {"up to the height of the knee(s)"}
It is also found in the Turkic Khalaj language and in languages from South America like Quechua, Aymara, Uro and Cholón.[citation needed]
Welsh, though it has no equative case of nouns, has an equative degree of adjectives, shown normally by the suffix -ed: for example, "hyned" (â ...), meaning "as old" (as ...).[4]
Sireniki Eskimo had an equative (or comparative) case for describing similarities between nouns.[citation needed]
^Sövegjártó, Szilvia. The Sumerian equative case, 2010.
^Belyaev, Oleg (2010). "Evolution of Case in Ossetic" (PDF). Iran and the Caucasus. 14 (2): 301. doi:10.1163/157338410X12743419190269. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-08-11.
^Janhunen, Juha A. (2012). Mongolian. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 110. ISBN 9789027238207.
^Morgan, Gareth (1996). "Reading Middle Welsh". Retrieved 2022-08-11. Welsh has an equative degree of the adjective, meaning 'as big', 'as new', and so on. It often has an air of exclamation about it: 'how big!', 'how new!' The equative suffix is -ed.
Equative is a case prototypically expressing the standard of comparison of equal values ("as… as a …"). The equativecase has been used in very few languages...
The term equative (or equational) is used in linguistics to refer to constructions where two entities are equated with each other. For example, the sentence...
derivational affixes instead of being an inflectional case. Comparative case Formal caseEquativecase "Local6.com - Local News - Texas Man Catches Fish with...
list of grammatical cases as they are used by various inflectional languages that have declension. This list will mark the case, when it is used, an...
is -oš, termed equative I, whereas in the Mitanni letter we find the form -nna, called equative II. Another case, the so-called 'e-case', is very rare...
grammar, the nominative case (abbreviated NOM), subjective case, straight case, or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part...
man-ABL young 'My father is younger than that man' Semblative case Formal caseEquativecase Зорина, З. Г.; Крылова, Г. С.; Якимова, Э. С. (1990). арийский...
A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers (determiners, adjectives, participles, and numerals) that corresponds to one or more potential...
prolative case (abbreviated PROL), also called the vialis case (abbreviated VIA), prosecutive case (abbreviated PROS), traversal case, mediative case, or translative...
In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated gen) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus...
In grammar, the accusative case (abbreviated ACC) of a noun is the grammatical case used to receive the direct object of a transitive verb. In the English...
In grammar, the superessive case (abbreviated SUPE) is a grammatical case indicating location on top of, or on the surface of something. Its name comes...
avoid practice effects. In terms of item response theory, equating is just a special case of the more general process of scaling, applicable when more...
objective case (abbr. OBJ) is a nominal case other than the nominative case and, sometimes, the vocative. A noun or pronoun in the oblique case can generally...
The benefactive case (abbreviated BEN, or sometimes B when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used where English would use "for", "for the benefit...
An equated monthly installment (EMI) is defined by Investopedia as "A fixed payment amount made by a borrower to a lender at a specified date each calendar...
In grammar, the essive case, or similaris case, (abbreviated ESS) is a grammatical case. The essive case on a noun can express it as a definite period...
The partitive case (abbreviated PTV, PRTV, or more ambiguously PART) is a grammatical case which denotes "partialness", "without result", or "without specific...
In grammar, the ergative case (abbreviated erg) is the grammatical case that identifies a nominal phrase as the agent of a transitive verb in ergative–absolutive...
prepositional case (abbreviated PREP) and the postpositional case (abbreviated POST) - generalised as adpositional cases - are grammatical cases that respectively...
grammar, an adessive case (abbreviated ADE; from Latin adesse "to be present (at)": ad "at" + esse "to be") is a grammatical case generally denoting location...
locative cases in Finnish and Estonian are these: Inessive case ("in") Elative case ("out of") Illative case ("into") Adessive case ("on") Ablative case ("from...
does it have a verb meaning "to have". Equative sentences are used to convey this group of ideas. All equative sentences in Hawaiian are zero-tense/mood...
contractive, causative, equative, comitative, and associative. Number and case are expressed using a single affix. A suffix is used for all cases except the comitative...
In grammar, the dative case (abbreviated dat, or sometimes d when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate the...
In grammar, the absolutive case (abbreviated ABS) is the case of nouns in ergative–absolutive languages that would generally be the subjects of intransitive...
and "by". The locative case belongs to the general local cases, together with the lative and separative case. The locative case exists in many language...
or ABESS), caritive and privative (abbreviated PRIV) is the grammatical case expressing the lack or absence of the marked noun. In English, the corresponding...