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In grammar, the prepositional case (abbreviated PREP) and the postpositional case (abbreviated POST) - generalised as adpositional cases - are grammatical cases that respectively mark the object of a preposition and a postposition. This term can be used in languages where nouns have a declensional form that appears exclusively in combination with certain prepositions.
Because the objects of these prepositions often denote locations, this case is also sometimes called the locative case: Czech and Slovak lokál/lokativ/lokatív, miejscownik in Polish. This is in concord with its origin: the Slavic prepositional case hails from the Proto-Indo-European locative case (present in Armenian, Sanskrit, and Old Latin, among others). The so-called "second locative" found in modern Russian has ultimately the same origin.[1]
In Irish and Scottish Gaelic, nouns that are the objects of (most) prepositions may be marked with prepositional case, especially if preceded by the definite article. In traditional grammars, and in scholarly treatments of the early language, the term dative case is incorrectly used for the prepositional case. This case is exclusively associated with prepositions. However, not all prepositions trigger prepositional case marking, and a small group of prepositions which are termed compound mark their objects with genitive case, these prepositions being historically derived from the fusion of a preposition plus a following noun which has become grammaticalised. (Compare English "in front of", "because of".) Note however that many nouns no longer exhibit distinct prepositional case forms in the conversational language.
In the Pashto language, there also exists a case that occurs only in combination with certain prepositions. It is more often called the "first oblique" than the prepositional.
In many other languages, the term "prepositional case" is inappropriate, since the forms of nouns selected by prepositions also appear in non-prepositional contexts. For example, in English, prepositions govern the objective (or accusative) case, and so do verbs. In German, prepositions can govern the genitive, dative, or accusative, and none of these cases are exclusively associated with prepositions.
Sindhi is a language which can be said to have a postpositional case. Nominals in Sindhi can take a “contracted” oblique form which may be used in ergative, dative, or locative constructions without a postposition, or a “full” oblique case ending expressed when forming a postpositional phrase. Differences in these forms are only observed in the plural.[2]
^Brown, Dunstan (2007). "Peripheral functions and overdifferentiation: The Russian second locative". Russian Linguistics. 31 (1): 61–76. doi:10.1007/s11185-006-0715-5. JSTOR 40160837.
^Ernest Trumpp (1872), Grammar of the Sindhi language: Compared with the Sanskrit-Prakrit and the cognate Indian vernaculars, London: Trübner & Co., OL 23437436M, Wikidata Q117102027
prepositional case (abbreviated PREP) and the postpositional case (abbreviated POST) - generalised as adpositionalcases - are grammatical cases that respectively...
adpositional phrase is a syntactic category that includes prepositional phrases, postpositional phrases, and circumpositional phrases. Adpositional phrases...
for other nominals) and the dative case (/-rna/). Semantic/adpositionalcase markings include the instrumental case to mark inanimate subjects of transitive...
efteraqi dær Vafsi dær čaharčub-e næzæri-e behinegi [Differential AdpositionalCase Marking in Vafsi within the OT Framework].’ In Language Related Research...
anywhere in a sentence. Adpositional phrases can add to or modify the meaning of nouns, verbs, or adjectives. An adpositional phrase is a phrase that...
before object) like English tend to have prepositions as their main adpositional type. Several OV/VO correlations have been uncovered. Several processing...
prepositions, postpositions and circumpositions. Examples of languages that use adpositional constructions to express comitative relations are French, which uses...
inflected for case; the position of a noun in the sentence expresses its case. Adpositional: Nouns are accompanied by words that mark case. With a few exceptions...
[citation needed] or Japanese). In dependent-marking languages, nouns in adpositional (prepositional or postpositional) phrases can carry inflectional morphemes...
used similarly to the preposition tɜ-, it is also used when forming adpositional phrases that show locality and directionality. In addition to that, it...
place, manner, and degree. These adverbs can act alone or as part of an adpositional phrase. Acting alone: ex: مخکښې راغله mə́xkx̌e before:ADV rā́ğla come:AOR:PST:3:SG:F...
phrase formed by an adposition together with its complement is called an adpositional phrase (or prepositional phrase, postpositional phrase, etc.) – such...
order of constituents in a clause. Normally, the noun phrase and the adpositional phrase are investigated. Within the noun phrase, one investigates whether...
from gerunds (verbal nouns) in that they do not inflect for case or occur in adpositional phrases. Instead, infinitives often originate in earlier inflectional...
fuses with a verb to a coverb composite. Korean has a higher variety of adpositional coverbs. The following examples demonstrate the usage of coverbs in Standard...
regular inefficient patterning such as the VO languages Chinese, with the adpositional phrase before the verb, and Finnish, which has postpositions, but there...
Cappadocian Greek. Diachronica 33(1), 31–66. Karatsareas, Petros. 2016b. The adpositional cycle in Asia Minor Greek: a tale of multiple causation. Journal of Greek...
that is not a core argument. It is marked by a non-core case or becomes part of an adpositional phrase, etc. This can be omitted, but there is always the...
the example below, the noun phrase also appears with a specific case (the genitive case) with this postposition.:29 kaṭh-kərə wood-GEN lagi for kaṭh-kərə...
Kenesei, Istvan; Broekhuis, Hans (2015). Syntax of Dutch: adpositions and adpositional phrases. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 294ff. ISBN 978-9048522255....
which they belong. rode appels – red apples In contrast to English, adpositional phrases come in the order time–manner–place, again as in German, so that...
function, ergative case takes the form of -ni after vowel-final stems); nominal modifier in a noun phrase; the nominal element in adpositional phrases with...
and other non-verb stems, accent is lexically determined. This is not the case for verbs. According to the rule called "default accentuation", the accent...
agglutinative, and is characterized by a dearth of positional/directional adpositional adjunct words. Temporal references are usually accomplished using context...
later work he showed that, just like nominal and verbal projections, the adpositional projection can contain functional material, specifically so-called functional...
optative) fill the role of verb tense; non-modal prefixes are often adpositional. Oneida is head-marking, and designates person and number in this way...
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