Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and many other species of even-toed ungulates, including gaurs, buffaloes, large antelope, deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs.[2] The disease was characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naïve populations.[3] Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air.[4]
Rinderpest is believed to have originated in Asia, later spreading through the transport of cattle.[5] The term Rinderpest (German:[ˈʁɪndɐˌpɛst]ⓘ) is a German word meaning "cattle-plague".[2][5] The rinderpest virus (RPV) is closely related to the measles and canine distemper viruses.[6] The measles virus possibly emerged from rinderpest as a zoonotic disease around 600 BC, a period that coincides with the rise of large human settlements.[7][8] After a global eradication campaign starting in the mid-20th century, the last confirmed case of rinderpest was diagnosed in 2001.[9] In 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announced that field activities in the decades-long, worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease were ending, paving the way for a formal declaration in June 2011 of the global eradication of rinderpest, making it only the second disease in history to be fully wiped out, following smallpox.[10][11]
^"ICTV Taxonomy history: Rinderpest morbillivirus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
^ abDonald G. McNeil Jr. (27 June 2011). "Rinderpest, Scourge of Cattle, Is Vanquished". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
^Cite error: The named reference one was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference two was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abDonald G. McNeil Jr. (15 October 2010). "Virus Deadly in Livestock Is No More, U.N. Declares". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
^Huygelen, C. (1997). "The immunization of cattle against rinderpest in eighteenth-century Europe". Medical History. 41 (2): 182–196. doi:10.1017/s0025727300062372. PMC 1043905. PMID 9156464.
^Cite error: The named reference Divergence was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Furuse, Yuki; Akira Suzuki; Hitoshi Oshitani (2010-03-04). "Origin of measles virus: divergence from rinderpest virus between the 11th and 12th centuries". Virology Journal. 7: 52. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-52. ISSN 1743-422X. PMC 2838858. PMID 20202190.
^Cite error: The named reference bbc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^McNeil Jr., Donald G. (27 June 2011). "Rinderpest, a Centuries-Old Animal Disease, Is Eradicated". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 August 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and many other species of even-toed ungulates...
In the 1890s, an epizootic of the rinderpest virus struck all across Africa, but primarily in Eastern and Southern Africa. It was considered to be "the...
Ovine rinderpest, also commonly known as peste des petits ruminants (PPR), is a contagious disease primarily affecting goats and sheep; however, camels...
first black veterinary surgeon who played a leading role in eradicating rinderpest. The library at the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of...
infectious diseases have successfully been eradicated: smallpox in humans, and rinderpest in ruminants. There are four ongoing programs, targeting the human diseases...
two diseases have been eradicated using herd immunity and vaccination: rinderpest and smallpox. Eradication efforts that rely on herd immunity are currently...
marked by epidemics of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, rinderpest (see 1890s African rinderpest epizootic), and smallpox. The estimate first put forward...
PMC 10362132. PMID 37483821. Haas, L.; Barrett, T. (12 January 1996). "Rinderpest and Other Animal Morbillivirus Infections: Comparative Aspects and Recent...
to leave the land due to the threat of smallpox. An outbreak of either rinderpest or pleuropneumonia greatly affected the Masai's cattle, while an epidemic...
Agriculture Organization announces the eradication of the cattle plague rinderpest from the world. July 6 – The International Olympic Committee awards PyeongChang...
population died in the Great Ethiopian Famine (1888 to 1892). and the rinderpest swept through the area, destroying much of the herd economy. On 11 October...
McVety, Amanda Kay, ed. (2018), "Rinderpest and the Origins of International Cooperation for Disease Control", The Rinderpest Campaigns: A Virus, Its Vaccines...
fastest-moving epidemic. Measles is of zoonotic origin, having evolved from rinderpest, which infects cattle. A precursor of the measles began causing infections...
thus annexed it to the Cape province of British South Africa. In 1897, a rinderpest epidemic caused massive cattle die-offs of an estimated 95% of cattle...
one of two infectious diseases to have been eradicated, the other being rinderpest (a disease of even-toed ungulates) in 2011. The term "smallpox" was first...
like rinderpest, foot-and-mouth disease and avian flu by helping governments coordinate their responses. One key element is the Global Rinderpest Eradication...
African buffaloes suffered their most severe collapse during the great rinderpest epidemic of the 1890s, which, coupled with pleuro-pneumonia, caused mortalities...
illness causing fever and inflammation of the mucous membranes. Ovine rinderpest (or peste des petits ruminants) is a highly contagious and often fatal...
of the cattle plague rinderpest. Plowright received the 1999 World Food Prize for his development of tissue culture rinderpest vaccine (TCRV), the key...
formed in the 19th century by disease, a combination of rinderpest and the tsetse fly. Rinderpest is believed to have originated in Asia, later spreading...
died in the 1880s from a cholera epidemic and in 1892 from smallpox. Rinderpest (a bovine viral disease) then wiped out the cattle which were their possessions...
During World War II, the U.S. and Canada secretly investigated the use of rinderpest, a highly lethal disease of cattle, as a bioweapon. In the 1980s Soviet...
in the wild, although samples are retained in laboratory settings. The rinderpest virus, which infected domestic cattle, is now extinct in the wild. The...
arranged at least one symposium on the problem of foot-and-mouth and rinderpest. The organization that became the CENTO Institute of Nuclear Science was...
trade. A recent successful example has been the global eradication of rinderpest in 2011. The FAO has animal health programs to establish best practices...
spotted hyena calls in 1972: Spotted hyenas may contract brucellosis, rinderpest[citation needed] and anaplasmosis. They are vulnerable to Trypanosoma...
soldiers invading Eritrea turned out to be infected with a disease called rinderpest. It continues to infect 90% of Africa's cattle[contradictory]. Decimation...
rule, conflicts, land grabbing, and widespread cattle deaths from the rinderpest viral disease. As early as 1803, the Spanish Crown organised a mission...
for stringent levels of inspection to ensure that epizootics such as rinderpest (a devastating outbreak of the disease covered all of Britain in 1865)...
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