Instance, distribution, and control of Hepatitis D
Worldwide prevalence of HDV among HBV carriers in 2015. Eight genotypes have been identified worldwide by comparative phylogenetic analysis. Genotype 1 is the most frequent and has variable pathogenicity, genotypes 2 and 4 are found in East Asia causing relatively mild disease. Genotype 3 is found in South America in association with severe hepatitis. Genotypes 5, 6, 7, 8 have been found only in Africa.
The epidemiology of hepatitis D occurs worldwide.[1] Although the figures are disputed, a recent systematic review suggests that up to 60 million individuals could be infected.[2] The major victims are the carriers of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), who become superinfected by the HDV, and intravenous drug users who are the group at highest risk. The infection usually results in liver damage (hepatitis D); this is most often a chronic and severe hepatitis rapidly conducive to cirrhosis.[1]
^ abSmedile, A; Rizzetto, M; Gerin, J (February 1994). "Advances in hepatitis D virus biology and disease". Progress in Liver Diseases. 12: 157–175. ISSN 1060-913X. OCLC 1587746. PMID 7746872.
^Stockdale, Alexander J; Kreuels, Benno; Henrion, Marc R Y; Giorgi, Emanuele; Kyomuhangi, Irene; Geretti, Anna Maria (2020). "Hepatitis D prevalence: problems with extrapolation to global population estimates" (PDF). Gut. 69 (2): 396–397. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317874. ISSN 0017-5749. PMID 30567743. S2CID 58554052.
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