Enterovirus is a genus of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses associated with several human and mammalian diseases. Enteroviruses are named by their transmission-route through the intestine ('enteric' meaning intestinal).[1]
Serologic studies have distinguished 71 human enterovirus serotypes on the basis of antibody neutralization tests. Additional antigenic variants have been defined within several of the serotypes on the basis of reduced or nonreciprocal cross-neutralization between variant strains. On the basis of their pathogenesis in humans and animals, the enteroviruses were originally classified into four groups, polioviruses, Coxsackie A viruses (CA), Coxsackie B viruses (CB), and echoviruses, but it was quickly realized that there were significant overlaps in the biological properties of viruses in the different groups. Enteroviruses isolated more recently are named with a system of consecutive numbers: EV-D68, EV-B69, EV-D70, EV-A71, etc., where genotyping is based on the VP1 capsid region.[2]
Enteroviruses affect millions of people worldwide each year and are often found in the respiratory secretions (e.g., saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus) and stool of an infected person. Historically, poliomyelitis was the most significant disease caused by an enterovirus, namely poliovirus. There are 81 non-polio and 3 polio enteroviruses that can cause disease in humans. Of the 81 non-polio types, there are 22 Coxsackie A viruses, 6 Coxsackie B viruses, 28 echoviruses, and 25 other enteroviruses.[3]
Poliovirus, as well as coxsackie and echovirus, is spread through the fecal–oral route. Infection can result in a wide variety of symptoms, including those of: mild respiratory illness (the common cold), hand, foot and mouth disease, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, severe neonatal sepsis-like disease, acute flaccid paralysis, and the related acute flaccid myelitis.[3]
^"Genus: Enterovirus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 5 February 2019. Derivation of names Entero: from Greek enteron, 'intestine'[dead link]
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Merck enterovirus was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
enterovirus B) Enterovirus C (formerly Human enterovirus C) Enterovirus D (formerly Human enterovirus D) Enterovirus E (formerly Bovine enterovirus group A)...
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a member of the Picornaviridae family, an enterovirus. First isolated in California in 1962 and once considered rare, it has...
Enterovirus 71 (EV71), also known as Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), is a virus of the genus Enterovirus in the Picornaviridae family, notable for its role in...
Enterovirus C is a species of enterovirus. Its best known subtype is poliovirus, the cause of poliomyelitis. There are three serotypes of poliovirus,...
C to the genus Enterovirus. 2008.084V.A.HRV-C-Sp 2008.084V To create a new species named Human rhinovirus C in the genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae...
history: Enterovirus C". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 6 February 2020. "ICTV Taxonomy history: Enterovirus A". International...
(also known as non-cytopathic or defective enterovirus). This form is a mutated quasispecies of enterovirus which is capable of causing persistent infection...
9, 11–21, 24–27, and 29–33 are strains of the species Enterovirus B of the genus Enterovirus. Human echovirus 8 was shown to be identical to Human echovirus...
Human enterovirus C (later renamed Enterovirus C), in the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae. The type species of the genus Enterovirus was...
Enterovirus D is a species of enterovirus which causes disease in humans. Five subtypes have been identified to date: Enterovirus 68: causes respiratory...
family, an enterovirus (a group containing the polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses). Coxsackie A virus is a subgroup of enterovirus A, which...
symptoms will begin to become apparent. Enterovirus 70 is a member of the genus of viruses called Enterovirus and family of the viruses Picornaviridae...
Enterovirus E (formerly bovine enterovirus (BEV)) is a picornavirus of the genus Enterovirus. The virus may also be referred to as enteric cytopathic bovine...
other forms of infection control. "Non-Polio Enterovirus Infection: States with Lab-confirmed Enterovirus D68 - CDC". Archived from the original on 12...
Racaniello described a cross-reactive anti-enterovirus antibody response. These results challenge the idea that enterovirus infections are modulated solely by...
mouth disease in infants and young children, members of the enterovirus D and enterovirus A species, respectively, as suspected causes. Some evidence...
enterovirus infections and type 1 diabetes, but in contrast, other studies have shown that rather than triggering an autoimmune process, enterovirus infections...
others, various viruses (measles, varicella zoster encephalitis, rubella, enterovirus 71). At least 30% of children with a traumatic brain injury later develop...
(congenital or acquired) Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (caused by including enterovirus 70, coxsackievirus A24 variant, and adenovirus 11) Leptospirosis Subconjunctival...
conjunctivitis is a highly contagious disease caused by one of two enteroviruses, enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus A24. These were first identified in an outbreak...
and even treatment." Subsequent to publication of this compendium, an enterovirus was discovered in encephalitis lethargica cases from the epidemic. In...
encephalitis in children and immunodeficient mouse models infected with Enterovirus 71; this highly contagious virus normally causes a milder illness called...
Picornaviridae family, including Enterovirus and Rhinovirus. It has shown useful activity against the dangerous enterovirus D68. Pleconaril was originally...
The common cold or the cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the respiratory mucosa of the nose, throat...
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