Dienogest, sold under the brand name Visanne among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills and in the treatment of endometriosis.[6][7][1][8][9][10] It is also used in menopausal hormone therapy and to treat heavy periods.[8][11][12] Dienogest is available both alone and in combination with estrogens.[13][11] It is taken by mouth.[1]
Side effects of dienogest include menstrual irregularities, headaches, nausea, breast tenderness, depression, and acne, among others.[14] Dienogest is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone.[1][2] It is a unique progestogen, with strong effects in the uterus.[2] The medication has some antiandrogenic activity, which may help to improve androgen-dependent symptoms like acne, and has no other important hormonal activity.[1][2][7][15][16]
Dienogest was discovered in 1979 and was introduced for medical use in 1995.[17][18][19] Additional formulations of dienogest were approved between 2007 and 2010.[10][20] It is sometimes referred to as a "fourth-generation" progestin.[21][22] Dienogest is marketed widely throughout the world.[13] It is available as a generic medication.[23]
^ abcdefgKuhl H (August 2005). "Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration". Climacteric. 8 (Suppl 1): 3–63. doi:10.1080/13697130500148875. PMID 16112947. S2CID 24616324.
^ abcdefCite error: The named reference pmid22364708 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Bizzarri N, Remorgida V, Leone Roberti Maggiore U, Scala C, Tafi E, Ghirardi V, et al. (September 2014). "Dienogest in the treatment of endometriosis". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 15 (13): 1889–1902. doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.943734. PMID 25069386. S2CID 37627607.
^Stanczyk FZ (November 2003). "All progestins are not created equal". Steroids. 68 (10–13): 879–890. doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2003.08.003. PMID 14667980. S2CID 44601264.
^"TGA eBS - Product and Consumer Medicine Information Licence".
^Stanczyk FZ, Bretsky (22 May 2013). "Biosynthesis, Transport, and Metabolism of Steroid Hormones". In Falcone T, Hurd WW (eds.). Clinical Reproductive Medicine and Surgery: A Practical Guide. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 300–. ISBN 978-1-4614-6837-0. Dienogest is a 19-nortestosterone derivative that is approved in the European Union for the treatment of endometriosis. It is not available in the United States as a separate drug. It is only available in the oral contraceptive Natazia (Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Montville, NJ, USA) (estradiol valerate/dienogest), which is a newer four-phasic pack that contains dienogest.
^ abMcCormack PL (November 2010). "Dienogest: a review of its use in the treatment of endometriosis". Drugs. 70 (16): 2073–2088. doi:10.2165/11206320-000000000-00000. PMID 20964453. S2CID 249871173.
^ abBartsch V, Römer T (2015). "Gynaecological uses of dienogest alone and in combination with oestrogens" (PDF). J Med Drug Rev. 5: 1–31.
^Cite error: The named reference pmid23239397 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Drugs.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Dienogest". Australian Prescriber. 38 (4): 138–139. August 2015. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2015.050. PMC 4653971. PMID 26648643.
^Raudrant D, Rabe T (2003). "Progestogens with antiandrogenic properties". Drugs. 63 (5): 463–492. doi:10.2165/00003495-200363050-00003. PMID 12600226. S2CID 28436828.
^Regidor PA, Schindler AE (October 2017). "Antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid health benefits of COC containing newer progestogens: dienogest and drospirenone". Oncotarget. 8 (47): 83334–83342. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.19833. PMC 5669973. PMID 29137347.
^Cite error: The named reference MenzenbachHubner1984 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference pmid10493599 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Jenapharm was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference pmid21151673 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Hall S, Gebbie AE (11 July 2013). "Progestogens used in Contraceptives". In Briggs P, Kovacs G (eds.). Contraception: A Casebook from Menarche to Menopause. Cambridge University Press. pp. 52–. ISBN 978-1-107-43611-4.
^Bitzer J (9 April 2015). "Progestogens in Contraception". In Carp HJ (ed.). Progestogens in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer. pp. 112–113, 170–. ISBN 978-3-319-14385-9.
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