In psychology, effortfulness is the subjective experience of exertion when performing an activity, especially the mental concentration and energy required. In many applications, effortfulness is simply reported by a patient, client, or experimental subject. There has been some work establishing an association among reported effortfulness and objective measures, such as in brain imaging. Effortfulness is used as a diagnostic indicator in medical and psychological diagnosis and assessment. It is also used as an indicator in psychological experimentation, especially in the field of memory.[1]
In the study of aging, Patrick Rabbitt proposed an effortfulness hypothesis in the 1960s: that as their hearing became less acute with age, people would require additional effort to make out what was said and that this effort made it harder to remember it.[2]
^Language, Memory, and Aging, Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 262, ISBN 9780521448765
^Tun; McCoy; Wingfield (2009), "Aging, Hearing Acuity, and the Attentional Costs of Effortful Listening", Psychology and Aging, 24 (3): 761–766, doi:10.1037/a0014802, PMC 2773464, PMID 19739934
establishing an association among reported effortfulness and objective measures, such as in brain imaging. Effortfulness is used as a diagnostic indicator in...
When high in effortful control, six- to seven-year-olds tend to be more empathetic and lower in aggressiveness. Higher levels of effortful control at age...
census-designated place in Monroe County, Pennsylvania, United States Effortfulness, the subjective experience of exertion when performing an activity Effort...
improve the saliency of tasks. Thus, stimulants improve performance on effortful but tedious tasks ... through indirect stimulation of dopamine and norepinephrine...
others), and the nonfluent aphasias (where speech is very halting and effortful, and may consist of just one or two words at a time). However, no such...
(January 2014). "A complex interplay among the parent-child relationship, effortful control, and internalized, rule-compatible conduct in young children:...
automatic and "cannot be turned off",: 22 and the "slow", deliberate, effortful activities of a secondary system "often associated with the subjective...
psychological processes requiring mental effort (e.g., self-control, effortful decision-making) are impaired. In the brain, which is dependent on glucose...
reactivity as well as the use of avoidance mechanisms (e.g., substance use, effortful avoidance of cues associated with the event, dissociation). In addition...
doctors or supervised by nurses. Sufferers perceive exercise as more effortful than healthy adults. Depression and higher pain intensity serve as barriers...
wouldn't have survived the quality-control process on the original, effortfully connected post hoc by largely uninspired scripted scenes." Longtime Chicago...
improve the saliency of tasks. Thus, stimulants improve performance on effortful but tedious tasks ... through indirect stimulation of dopamine and norepinephrine...
a significant effect on its effectiveness. If guides prove to be too effortful for visitors, their usage might drop and any of their potential benefits...
Swallowing Maneuvers Supraglottic swallow Super-supraglottic swallow Effortful swallow Mendelsohn maneuver Patients may need a combination of treatment...
improve the saliency of tasks. Thus, stimulants improve performance on effortful but tedious tasks, probably acting at different sites in the brain through...
improve the saliency of tasks. Thus, stimulants improve performance on effortful but tedious tasks ... through indirect stimulation of dopamine and norepinephrine...
"There's no lack of effort here, but too often Suitable Flesh just feels effortful, rather than the outrageous good time aimed for". "Suitable Flesh (18)"...
generally remains intact. A person with expressive aphasia will exhibit effortful speech. Speech generally includes important content words but leaves out...
think and solve problems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. Just as a...
roughness: she's always immaculately coiffed and made-up and garbed in effortfully eye-catching outfits. But there's not much to the character except for...
you are curious about the topic, and playing chess because you enjoy effortful thinking Extrinsic: reflects the desire to do something because of external...
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