Process for design and development of learning resources
Instructional design (ID), also known as instructional systems design and originally known as instructional systems development (ISD), is the practice of systematically designing, developing and delivering instructional materials and experiences, both digital and physical, in a consistent and reliable fashion toward an efficient, effective, appealing, engaging and inspiring acquisition of knowledge.[1][2] The process consists broadly of determining the state and needs of the learner, defining the end goal of instruction, and creating some "intervention" to assist in the transition. The outcome of this instruction may be directly observable and scientifically measured or completely hidden and assumed.[3] There are many instructional design models, but many are based on the ADDIE model with the five phases: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation.
Robert M. Gagné is considered one of the founders of ISD due to the great influence his work, The Conditions of Learning, has had on the discipline.[4]
^Merrill, M. D.; Drake, L.; Lacy, M. J.; Pratt, J. (1996). "Reclaiming instructional design" (PDF). Educational Technology. 36 (5): 5–7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2011-11-23.
^Wagner, Ellen (2011). "Essay: In Search of the Secret Handshakes of ID" (PDF). The Journal of Applied Instructional Design. 1 (1): 33–37. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
^Ed Forest: Instructional Design Archived 2016-12-20 at the Wayback Machine, Educational Technology
^Dick, Walter; Carey, Lou; Carey, James O. (17 March 2014). The Systematic Design of Instruction (8 ed.). Pearson. pp. 3–4.
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