Dysthymia (/dɪsˈθaɪmiə/dihs-THIY-mee-uh), also known as persistent depressive disorder (PDD),[3] is a mental and behavioral disorder,[5] specifically a disorder primarily of mood, consisting of similar cognitive and physical problems as major depressive disorder, but with longer-lasting symptoms.[3][6][7] The concept was used by Robert Spitzer as a replacement for the term "depressive personality" in the late 1970s.[8]
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV), dysthymia is a serious state of chronic depression, which persists for at least two years (one year for children and adolescents). Dysthymia is not a minor form of major depressive disorder, and for some may be more disabling.[9]
As dysthymia is a chronic disorder, those with the condition may experience symptoms for many years before it is diagnosed, if diagnosis occurs at all. As a result, they may believe that depression is a part of their character, so they may not even discuss their symptoms with doctors, family members or friends. In the DSM-5, dysthymia is replaced by persistent depressive disorder.[3] This new condition includes both chronic major depressive disorder and the previous dysthymic disorder. The reason for this change is that there was no evidence for meaningful differences between these two conditions.[10]
^ abcd"Depression". NIMH. May 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
^ abcdAmerican Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fifth Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 168–171. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.
^GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
^
Drs; Sartorius, Norman; Henderson, A.S.; Strotzka, H.; Lipowski, Z.; Yu-cun, Shen; You-xin, Xu; Strömgren, E.; Glatzel, J.; Kühne, G.-E.; Misès, R.; Soldatos, C.R.; Pull, C.B.; Giel, R.; Jegede, R.; Malt, U.; Nadzharov, R.A.; Smulevitch, A.B.; Hagberg, B.; Perris, C.; Scharfetter, C.; Clare, A.; Cooper, J.E.; Corbett, J.A.; Griffith Edwards, J.; Gelder, M.; Goldberg, D.; Gossop, M.; Graham, P.; Kendell, R.E.; Marks, I.; Russell, G.; Rutter, M.; Shepherd, M.; West, D.J.; Wing, J.; Wing, L.; Neki, J.S.; Benson, F.; Cantwell, D.; Guze, S.; Helzer, J.; Holzman, P.; Kleinman, A.; Kupfer, D.J.; Mezzich, J.; Spitzer, R.; Lokar, J. "The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines" (PDF). www.who.int World Health Organization. Microsoft Word. bluebook.doc. p. 107. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2004. Retrieved 23 June 2021 – via Microsoft Bing.
^Gilbert, Daniel T.; Schacter, Daniel L.; Wegner, Daniel M., eds. (2011). Psychology (2nd ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. pp. 564. ISBN 978-1-4292-3719-2.
^"Dysthymic Disorder". BehaveNet. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^Brody, Jane (30 January 1995). "Help awaits those who live with sadness". The News-Journal. Daytona Beach, Florida. p. 54.
^"Dysthymia". Harvard Health Publications. Harvard University. February 2005. Archived from the original (February 2005 issue of the Harvard Mental Health Letter) on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2009.
^John M. Grohol, Psy.D. (18 May 2013). "DSM-5 Changes: Depression & Depressive Disorders". Psych Central. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
Dysthymia (/dɪsˈθaɪmiə/ dihs-THIY-mee-uh), also known as persistent depressive disorder (PDD), is a mental and behavioral disorder, specifically a disorder...
treatment. One may treat underlying causes such as depression (especially dysthymia or major depressive disorder) or bipolar disorder as well as the dysphoric...
depression, including: Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression Dysthymia, also known as persistent depressive disorder Major depressive disorder...
personality disorder shares some similarities with mood disorders such as dysthymia, it also shares many similarities with other personality disorders including...
others (as an antipsychotic). At very low doses it is also used to treat dysthymia. It is usually classed with the atypical antipsychotics. Chemically it...
Neocompsa dysthymia is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1970. Bezark, Larry G. A Photographic Catalog of...
introduced the term dysthymia mutabilis to describe a disorder that is an alternation of dysthymia atra (black depression) and dysthymia candida (low-level...
such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia. Although DD-NOS shares similar symptoms to dysthymia, dysthymia is classified by a period of at least...
enzyme. RIMAs are used clinically in the treatment of depression and dysthymia. Due to their reversibility, they are safer in single-drug overdose than...
Depressive may refer to: Major depressive disorder Dysthymia Minor depressive disorder Recurrent brief depression Depressive personality disorder Depression...
Bipolar I Bipolar II Bipolar NOS Cyclothymia Depression Atypical depression Dysthymia Major depressive disorder Melancholic depression Seasonal affective disorder...
6%, major depressive disorder with severity (MDE-s) 7.7%, dysthymia 6.2%, MDE-s with dysthymia 3.4%, any bipolar disorder 1.6%, and any mood disorder 11...
Bipolar I Bipolar II Bipolar NOS Cyclothymia Depression Atypical depression Dysthymia Major depressive disorder Melancholic depression Seasonal affective disorder...
Bipolar I Bipolar II Bipolar NOS Cyclothymia Depression Atypical depression Dysthymia Major depressive disorder Melancholic depression Seasonal affective disorder...
minor depressive disorder. Dysthymia was replaced in the DSM-5 by persistent depressive disorder, which combined dysthymia with chronic major depressive...
bipolar disorder Bipolar disorders research Borderline personality disorder Dysthymia Emotional dysregulation Euthymia List of people with bipolar disorder...
Bipolar I Bipolar II Bipolar NOS Cyclothymia Depression Atypical depression Dysthymia Major depressive disorder Melancholic depression Seasonal affective disorder...
poor self-image, mood swings, and irritability, can be confused with dysthymia, cyclothymia or bipolar disorder as well as with borderline personality...
of Dysthymia luctuosa". The Entomologist. 4: 174 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library. Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul (5 November 2004). "Dysthymia Newman...
treatment-resistance) in schizophrenia. It has also been used in the treatment of dysthymia. There is evidence, although low quality, that Sulpiride could accelerate...
increased energy, vividness and enthusiasm for life activities, as opposed to dysthymia. Hyperthymia is similar to but more stable than hypomania. Characteristics...
Bipolar I Bipolar II Bipolar NOS Cyclothymia Depression Atypical depression Dysthymia Major depressive disorder Melancholic depression Seasonal affective disorder...
diagnoses must be considered, including dysthymia, adjustment disorder with depressed mood, or bipolar disorder. Dysthymia is a chronic, milder mood disturbance...
Bipolar I Bipolar II Bipolar NOS Cyclothymia Depression Atypical depression Dysthymia Major depressive disorder Melancholic depression Seasonal affective disorder...
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