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Duchy of Austria
Herzogtum Österreich(German)
1156–1453
Banner of arms
Ducal Shield
Map of the Austrian duchy in the 13th century: Austria proper shown in solid red, the Duchy of Styria, an Austrian possession since 1192, in hatched red. The pale highlighted area roughly corresponds with the anachronistic Austrian Circle (est. 1512), and is merely for context. The rest of the Holy Roman Empire is shown in pale orange.
Status
Duchy, within the Holy Roman Empire
Capital
Vienna
Common languages
Austro-Bavarian
German
Medieval Latin
Religion
Roman Catholicism
Demonym(s)
Austrian
Government
Feudal Germanic duchy
Duke of Austria
• 1141–1177
Henry II (first duke, from 1156)
• 1230–1246
Frederick II (last Babenberg duke)
• 1251–1276
Ottokar (Přemyslid dynasty)
• 1282–1291
Albert I (first Habsburg duke)
• 1440–1457
Ladislaus I (last duke, archduke from 1453)
Historical era
Middle Ages
• Privilegium Minus
17 September 1156
• Georgenberg Pact
17 August 1186
• Battle on the Marchfeld
26 August 1278
• Privilegium Maius
1358/59
• Treaty of Neuberg
25 September 1379
• Archduchy recognized
6 January 1453
ISO 3166 code
AT
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Margraviate of Austria
Duchy of Styria under Babenbergs
Archduchy of Austria
The Duchy of Austria (German: Herzogtum Österreich) was a medieval principality of the Holy Roman Empire, established in 1156 by the Privilegium Minus, when the Margraviate of Austria (Ostarrîchi) was detached from Bavaria and elevated to a duchy in its own right.[1] After the ruling dukes of the House of Babenberg became extinct in male line, there was as much as three decades of rivalry on inheritance and rulership, until the German king Rudolf I took over the dominion as the first monarch of the Habsburg dynasty in 1276. Thereafter, Austria became the patrimony and ancestral homeland of the dynasty and the nucleus of the Habsburg monarchy. In 1453, the archducal title of the Austrian rulers, invented by Duke Rudolf IV in the forged Privilegium Maius of 1359, was officially acknowledged by the Habsburg emperor Frederick III.
^"Austria – The Holy Roman Empire and the Duchy of Austria". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
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