Research of Down syndrome-related genes is based on studying the genes located on chromosome 21. In general, this leads to an overexpression of the genes.[1][2] Understanding the genes involved may help to target medical treatment to individuals with Down syndrome. It is estimated that chromosome 21 contains 200 to 250 genes.[3] Recent research has identified a region of the chromosome that contains the main genes responsible for the pathogenesis of Down syndrome,[4] located proximal to 21q22.3. The search for major genes involved in Down syndrome characteristics is normally in the region 21q21–21q22.3.
^Mao R, Zielke CL, Zielke HR, Pevsner J (May 2003). "Global up-regulation of chromosome 21 gene expression in the developing Down syndrome brain". Genomics. 81 (5): 457–67. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00035-1. PMID 12706104.
^Mao R, Wang X, Spitznagel EL, et al. (2005). "Primary and secondary transcriptional effects in the developing human Down syndrome brain and heart". Genome Biol. 6 (13): R107. doi:10.1186/gb-2005-6-13-r107. PMC 1414106. PMID 16420667.
^See Leshin, L. (2003). "Trisomy 21: The Story of Down Syndrome". Retrieved 2006-05-21.
^Rahmani Z, Blouin JL, Créau-Goldberg N, et al. (1990). "Down syndrome critical region around D21S55 on proximal 21q22.3". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Supplement. 7: 98–103. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320370720. PMID 2149984.
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