A descending neuron is a neuron that conveys signals from the brain to neural circuits in the spinal cord (vertebrates) or ventral nerve cord (invertebrates). As the sole conduits of information between the brain and the body, descending neurons play a key role in behavior. Their activity can initiate, maintain, modulate, and terminate behaviors such as locomotion. Because the number of descending neurons is several orders of magnitude smaller than the number of neurons in either the brain or spinal cord/ventral nerve cord, this class of cells represents a critical bottleneck in the flow of information from sensory systems to motor circuits.
A descendingneuron is a neuron that conveys signals from the brain to neural circuits in the spinal cord (vertebrates) or ventral nerve cord (invertebrates)...
A motor neuron (or motoneuron or efferent neuron) is a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, brainstem or the spinal cord, and whose...
James O.; Williams, S. Mark (9 May 2018). "Damage to Descending Motor Pathways: The Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome". Archived from the original on 3 May 2018...
A gamma motor neuron (γ motor neuron), also called gamma motoneuron, or fusimotor neuron, is a type of lower motor neuron that takes part in the process...
reticular activating system (ARAS) and descending pathways to the spinal cord via the reticulospinal tracts. Neurons of the reticular formation, particularly...
Alpha (α) motor neurons (also called alpha motoneurons), are large, multipolar lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal...
ventral axons as well as “descending” inhibition. The hyperpolarization of Renshaw cells by afferent and descendingneurons have been shown to be caused...
An upper motor neuron lesion (also known as pyramidal insufficiency) Is an injury or abnormality that occurs in the neural pathway above the anterior horn...
spinal cord via descending spinal cord tracts. Descending tracts involve two neurons: the upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN). A nerve...
cardiac output, and immune system function. The formation of sympathetic neurons being observed at embryonic stage of life and its development during aging...
(from Latin nocere 'to harm or hurt'; lit. 'pain receptor') is a sensory neuron that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending "possible...
neurological conditions, particularly associated with upper motor neuron lesions involving descending motor pathways, and in many cases is accompanied by spasticity...
O.; Williams, S. Mark (1 January 2001). Damage to Descending Motor Pathways: The Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome. Sinauer Associates. Llinas RR, Walton KD...
fasciculus) is a small bundle of descending fibers that connect the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. Descending tracts are pathways by which motor...
including sensory neurons (visual, olfactory, gustatory, thermal, etc), descendingneurons, and ascending neurons. The authors ordered these neuron types based...
motor neurons in swamp sparrows are very similar to the visual motor mirror neurons discovered in primates. Like mirror neurons, the HVCX neurons: Are...
center for all endocrine systems. The brain is the largest cluster of neurons in the body and is typically located in the head, usually near organs for...
signals. It contains ascending and descendingneurons that relay information to and from the brain, motor neurons that project into the body and synapse...
main functions: to surround neurons and hold them in place to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons to insulate one neuron from another to destroy pathogens...
muscular contraction, but not passive stretch. Upper motor neuron lesions which damage the descending pathways down to the spinal cord may cause increase in...
A cholinergic neuron is a nerve cell which mainly uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to send its messages. Many neurological systems are cholinergic...
driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations...
output. By perturbing neurons at various places in the sensorimotor system, researchers have learned about the role of descendingneurons in eliciting stereotyped...
Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Assoc. 2001. pp. Damage to Descending Motor Pathways: The Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome. ISBN 0-87893-742-0. Archived from the original...
receptor site on the correct neuron. The light chain domain cleaves the VAMP protein once it arrives in the inhibitory neuron cytosol. There are four main...
the region of cortex that contains large neurons known as Betz cells, which, along with other cortical neurons, send long axons down the spinal cord to...
viscerosensory input from the vagus nerve, input from nearby neurons in the NTS and area postrema, and descending input from the medial central nucleus of the amygdala...
enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to the raphe nuclei in the brainstem. 5-HT (serotonin) released from the raphe nuclei descends to the dorsal horn...
arise from the ventral pons and contain the large ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve tracts that run to and from the cerebrum from the pons....
endorphin neurons in the spinal cord act on receptors to decrease the conduction of pain signals from the spinal cord to higher brain centers. Descending neurons...
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