Group of insecticidal toxins produced by the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis
Delta endotoxin, N-terminal domain
crystal structure of the insecticidal bacterial del endotoxin Cry3Bb1 Bacillus thuringiensis[1]
Identifiers
Symbol
Endotoxin_N
Pfam
PF03945
InterPro
IPR005639
SCOP2
1dlc / SCOPe / SUPFAM
TCDB
1.C.2
Available protein structures:
Pfam
structures / ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
Delta endotoxin, middle domain
Identifiers
Symbol
Endotoxin_M
Pfam
PF00555
Pfam clan
CL0568
InterPro
IPR015790
SCOP2
1dlc / SCOPe / SUPFAM
TCDB
1.C.2
Available protein structures:
Pfam
structures / ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
Delta endotoxin, middle domain, Cry2A and Cry18
insecticidal crystal protein cry2aa
Identifiers
Symbol
Endotoxin_mid
Pfam
PF09131
InterPro
IPR015214
SCOP2
1i5p / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures:
Pfam
structures / ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
Delta endotoxin, C-terminal
Identifiers
Symbol
Endotoxin_C
Pfam
PF03944
Pfam clan
CL0202
InterPro
IPR005638
SCOP2
1dlc / SCOPe / SUPFAM
TCDB
1.C.2
CDD
cd04085
Available protein structures:
Pfam
structures / ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
Cytolytic delta-endotoxin Cyt1/2
Identifiers
Symbol
CytB
Pfam
PF01338
InterPro
IPR001615
SCOP2
1cby / SCOPe / SUPFAM
TCDB
1.C.71
Available protein structures:
Pfam
structures / ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
Delta endotoxins (δ-endotoxins) are a family of pore-forming toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis species of bacteria. They are useful for their insecticidal action and are the primary toxin produced by the genetically modified (GM) Bt maize/corn and other GM crops. During spore formation the bacteria produce crystals of such proteins (hence the name Cry toxins) that are also known as parasporal bodies, next to the endospores; as a result some members are known as a parasporin. The Cyt (cytolytic) toxin group is another group of delta-endotoxins formed in the cytoplasm. VIP toxins (vegetative insecticidal proteins) are formed at other stages of the life cycle.[2]
^Galitsky N, Cody V, Wojtczak A, Ghosh D, Luft JR, Pangborn W, English L (August 2001). "Structure of the insecticidal bacterial delta-endotoxin Cry3Bb1 of Bacillus thuringiensis". Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Biological Crystallography. 57 (Pt 8): 1101–1109. doi:10.1107/S0907444901008186. PMID 11468393.
^Roger Hull; et al. (2021). "Risk assessment and management—Environment". Genetically Modified Plants (second ed.). Upon sporulation, B. thuringiensis forms proteinaceous insecticidal δ-endotoxins either in crystals (Cry toxins) or cytoplasmically (Cyt toxins), which are encoded by cry or cyt genes, respectively. When insects ingest toxin crystals, the enzymes in their digestive tract cause the toxin to become activated. The toxin binds to the insect's gut membranes, forming a pore that results in swelling, cell lysis, and eventually killing the insect. B. thuringiensis also produces insecticidal proteins at other stages in its lifecycle, specifically the vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIPs)
Deltaendotoxins (δ-endotoxins) are a family of pore-forming toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis species of bacteria. They are useful for their insecticidal...
coli and Salmonella. Today, the term endotoxin is often used synonymously with LPS, although there are a few endotoxins (in the original sense of toxins that...
thuringiensis forms crystals of two types of proteinaceous insecticidal deltaendotoxins (δ-endotoxins) called crystal proteins or Cry proteins, which are encoded...
are bacterial toxins. These are divided into two groups: endotoxins and exotoxins. Endotoxin is a component (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) of the cell wall...
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) during sporulation. Cry1Ac is one of the deltaendotoxins produced by this bacterium which act as insecticides. Because of this...
which drive the expression of the Cry1Ab gene. The gene then codes for deltaendotoxins (Cry proteins) which are very potent toxins that provoke lesions in...
bacterium produces a delta-endotoxins in which it causes the insect or pest to stop feeding on the crop or plant because the endotoxin destroys the lining...
resistance come from the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacterium and code for deltaendotoxins. A few use the genes that encode for vegetative insecticidal proteins...
toxins may be classified as either exotoxins, excreted by an organism, or endotoxins, which are released mainly when bacteria are lysed. The term "biotoxin"...
more proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis including Deltaendotoxins. The protein is poisonous to certain insect pests. Spores of the bacillus...
resistance come from the Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium and code for deltaendotoxins. A few use the genes that encode for vegetative insecticidal proteins...
cause major damage to the host. Exotoxins may be secreted, or, similar to endotoxins, may be released during lysis of the cell. Gram negative pathogens may...
SAg infection concerns the ability of SAgs to augment the effects of endotoxins in the body. This is accomplished by reducing the threshold for endotoxicity...
arrangements are the same for omega, delta and kappa families, even though omega conotoxins are calcium channel blockers, whereas delta conotoxins delay the inactivation...
crops is in insect control through the expression of the cry (crystal delta-endotoxins) and Vip (vegetative insecticidal proteins) genes from Bacillus thuringiensis...
particle clearance of the lung, and increase sensitivity to bacterial endotoxin. Testing for mycotoxicosis can be conducted using immunoaffinity columns...
is genetically altered to express a modified version of Cry3Bb1, a deltaendotoxin which originates from Bacillus thuringiensis. This protects the plant...
Cry35Ab1 to induce insecticidal effect. Cry34Ab1 is unrelated to Bt delta-endotoxins. It is an aegerolysin (Pfam PF06355) composed of two beta sheets in...
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