This article is about excessive loss of body water. For other uses, see Dehydration (disambiguation).
Medical condition
Dehydration
Nurses encourage a patient to drink an oral rehydration solution to treat the combination of dehydration and hypovolemia secondary to cholera. Cholera leads to GI loss of both excess free water (dehydration) and sodium (hence ECF volume depletion—hypovolemia).
Specialty
Critical care medicine
Symptoms
Increased thirst, tiredness, decreased urine, dizziness, headaches, and confusion[1]
Physical water scarcity, heatwaves, disease (most commonly from diseases that cause vomiting and/or diarrhea), exercise
Treatment
Drinking clean water
Medication
Saline
In physiology, dehydration is a lack of total body water,[3] with an accompanying disruption of metabolic processes. It occurs when free water loss exceeds free water intake, usually due to exercise, disease, or high environmental temperature. Mild dehydration can also be caused by immersion diuresis, which may increase risk of decompression sickness in divers.
Most people can tolerate a 3-4% decrease in total body water without difficulty or adverse health effects. A 5-8% decrease can cause fatigue and dizziness. Loss of over 10% of total body water can cause physical and mental deterioration, accompanied by severe thirst. Death occurs at a loss of between 15 and 25% of the body water.[4] Mild dehydration is characterized by thirst and general discomfort and is usually resolved with oral rehydration.
Dehydration can cause hypernatremia (high levels of sodium ions in the blood) and is distinct from hypovolemia (loss of blood volume, particularly blood plasma).
Chronic dehydration can contribute to the formation of kidney stones as well as the development of chronic kidney disease.[5][6]
^ ab"Dehydration - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic.
^Ahmed M. El-Sharkawy; Opinder Sahota; Dileep N. Lobo. "Acute and chronic effects of hydration status on health". academic.oup.com. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
^Mange K, Matsuura D, Cizman B, Soto H, Ziyadeh FN, Goldfarb S, Neilson EG (November 1997). "Language guiding therapy: the case of dehydration versus volume depletion". Annals of Internal Medicine. 127 (9): 848–53. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-127-9-199711010-00020. PMID 9382413. S2CID 29854540.
^Ashcroft F, Life Without Water in Life at the Extremes. Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2000, 134-138.
^Seal, Adam D.; Suh, Hyun-Gyu; Jansen, Lisa T.; Summers, LynnDee G.; Kavouras, Stavros A. (2019). "Hydration and Health". Analysis in Nutrition Research. Elsevier. pp. 299–319. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814556-2.00011-7. ISBN 978-0-12-814556-2.
^Clark, William F.; Sontrop, Jessica M.; Huang, Shi-Han; Moist, Louise; Bouby, Nadine; Bankir, Lise (2016). "Hydration and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: A Critical Review of the Evidence". American Journal of Nephrology. 43 (4): 281–292. doi:10.1159/000445959. ISSN 0250-8095.
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equipment and piping. Glycol dehydration units depress the hydrate formation point of the gas through water removal. Without dehydration, a free water phase (liquid...
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Carbon snake is a demonstration of the dehydration reaction of sugar by concentrated sulfuric acid. With concentrated sulfuric acid, granulated table...
Osmotic dehydration is an operation used for the partial removal of water from plant tissues by immersion in a hypertonic (osmotic) solution. Sugar or...
secondary thermal burns due to dehydration. Dilute sulfuric acid is substantially less hazardous without the oxidative and dehydrating properties; however, it...
reach and persistent diarrhea is common. Dehydration is a common complication of diarrhea. Severe dehydration in children may be recognized if the skin...
those who show signs and symptoms of mild to moderate dehydration. People who have severe dehydration should seek professional medical help immediately and...
Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates...
terminal dehydration typically lapse into unconsciousness before death, and may also experience delirium and deranged serum sodium. Terminal dehydration has...
desiccant's moisture sorption isotherm. Alcohols and acetones are also dehydrating agents. Development of desiccants made of treated rice husks is a promising...
or anesthesia can cause inhalation of vomit. In severe cases, where dehydration develops, intravenous fluid may be required. Antiemetics are sometimes...
there is usually clinical evidence of dehydration, such as a dry mouth and decreased skin turgor. If the dehydration is profound enough to cause a decrease...
that have been through an industrial process of cooking, mashing and dehydrating to yield a packaged convenience food that can be reconstituted by adding...
It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness...
competitors. Singapore-based ONE Championship banned weight-cutting by dehydration in December 2015 and holds fights based on a competitor's "walking weight"...
causing the release of a molecule of water (H2O), hence the process is a dehydration synthesis reaction. The formation of the peptide bond consumes energy...
approach. Elimination reactions compete with dehydration of the alcohol: R–CH2–CH2(OH) → R–CH=CH2 + H2O The dehydration route often requires conditions incompatible...
of execution, the prisoner is simply left to die from starvation or dehydration. This form of execution is distinct from being buried alive, in which...
sieves can be subsequently regenerated by dehydration using a vacuum oven. In organic chemistry, some dehydration reactions are subject to unfavorable but...
pain, and a feeling of incomplete defecation. Complications may include dehydration. The cause of dysentery is usually the bacteria from genus Shigella,...
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