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Chemical compound
Cytochalasin B, the name of which comes from the Greek cytos (cell) and chalasis (relaxation),[1] is a cell-permeable mycotoxin. It was found that substoichiometric concentrations of cytochalasin B (CB) strongly inhibit network formation by actin filaments. Due to this, it is often used in cytological research. It inhibits cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments. It inhibits cell movement and induces nuclear extrusion. Cytochalasin B shortens actin filaments by blocking monomer addition at the fast-growing end of polymers.[2] Cytochalasin B inhibits glucose transport[3] and platelet aggregation. It blocks adenosine-induced apoptotic body formation without affecting activation of endogenous ADP-ribosylation in leukemia HL-60 cells.[4]
It is also used in cloning through nuclear transfer. Here enucleated recipient cells are treated with cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin B makes the cytoplasm of the oocytes more fluid and makes it possible to aspirate the nuclear genome of the oocyte within a small vesicle of plasma membrane into a micro-needle. Thereby, the oocyte genome is removed from the oocyte, while preventing rupture of the plasma membrane.
This alkaloid is isolated from a fungus, Helminthosporium dematioideum.
^Scherlach, K; et al. (2010). "The chemistry and biology of cytochalasans". Natural Product Reports. 27 (6): 869–86. doi:10.1039/b903913a. PMID 20411198.
^Theodoropoulos, PA; Gravanis, A; Tsapara, A; Margioris, AN; Papadogiorgaki, E; Galanopoulos, V; Stournaras, C (1994). "Cytochalasin B may shorten actin filaments by a mechanism independent of barbed end capping". Biochemical Pharmacology. 47 (10): 1875–81. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(94)90318-2. PMID 8204105.
^Jung, C. Y.; Rampal, A. L. (1977). "Cytochalasin B binding sites and glucose transport carrier in human erythrocyte ghosts". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 252 (15): 5456–5463. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)63372-7. PMID 885863.
^Tanaka, Y.; Yoshihara, K.; Tsuyuki, M.; Kamiya, T. (1994). "Apoptosis Induced by Adenosine in Human Leukemia HL-60 Cells". Experimental Cell Research. 213 (1): 242–559. doi:10.1006/excr.1994.1196. PMID 8020596.
CytochalasinB, the name of which comes from the Greek cytos (cell) and chalasis (relaxation), is a cell-permeable mycotoxin. It was found that substoichiometric...
rapidly detected. Cytochalasin A CytochalasinBCytochalasin C Cytochalasin D Cytochalasin E Cytochalasin F Cytochalasin H Cytochalasin J Cytoskeletal drugs...
angiogenesis and tumor growth. Unlike cytochalasin A and cytochalasinB, it does not inhibit glucose transport. Cytochalasin E, however, was noted to decrease...
continual inhibition of MPF/cyclin B. As meiosis proceeds, extrusion of the second polar is blocked by exposure to cytochalasinB. This treatment results in a...
(Jul–Aug 1990). "Amoeboid locomotion of Naegleria gruberi: the effects of cytochalasinB on cell-substratum interactions and motile behavior". The Journal of...
"purse-string mechanism". Treating embryos with the actin destabilizer cytochalasinb results in delayed or arrested epiboly. There is still debate on the...
by the microfilaments found inside the cell, as proven by the use of cytochalasinB to stop streaming.[citation needed] There are about 400 extant species...
made to the cellular processes. This property is similar to that of cytochalasin, but has a narrow effective concentration range. Latrunculin has been...
cell-cell junctions. This binding remains after destabilizing actin with cytochalasinB. Like other surface-associated proteins that can bind plasminogen and...
in cells undergoing nuclear division and can be clearly seen using cytochalasinB to block cytokinesis to produce a binucleated cells. Acentric chromosome...
energy dependent process and in lymphocytes is partially inhibited by cytochalasinB (which disrupts microfilaments) but unaffected by colchicine (which...
Various secondary metabolites of the fungus, including CytochalasinB, Pyrenophoric Acid-B, and Spirostaphylotrichin W, appears to be responsible for...
did not form when cultured with cytochalasin D, an F-actin depolymerizing compound. A separate study using cytochalasinB found that it impacted TNT formation...
Tarkowski, A.K., Witkowska, A. and Opas, J. (1977) Development of cytochalasinB-induced tetraploid and diploid/tetraploid mosaic mouse embryos. J. Embryol...
Cyclooxygenase Cyclopamine Cyclopiazonic acid Cysteine Cystine Cytidine CytochalasinCytochalasin E Cytochrome Cytochrome C Cytochrome c oxidase Cytochrome c peroxidase...
morphogenesis with cytochalasinB is another method used to determine when the pigment precursor equivalence group is specified. Cytochalasin treatment of early...
Clostridioides difficile toxin B (TcdB) is a cytotoxin produced by the bacteria Clostridioides difficile. It is one of two major kinds of toxins produced...
In the field of molecular biology, enterotoxin type B, also known as Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), is an enterotoxin produced by the gram-positive...
membrane-bound transport "B" subunit. These proteins consist of two independent polypeptides, which correspond to the A/B subunit moieties. The enzyme...
microtubules, or Phalloidin, which stabilizes actin filaments. Others, such as Cytochalasin D, bind to actin monomers and prevent them from polymerizing into filaments...
botulinum toxin are named types A to G (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G). New types are occasionally found. Types A and B are capable of causing disease in humans...
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