Amoeboid movement is the most typical mode of locomotion in adherent eukaryotic cells.[1] It is a crawling-like type of movement accomplished by protrusion of cytoplasm of the cell involving the formation of pseudopodia ("false-feet") and posterior uropods. One or more pseudopodia may be produced at a time depending on the organism, but all amoeboid movement is characterized by the movement of organisms with an amorphous form that possess no set motility structures.[2]
Movement occurs when the cytoplasm slides and forms a pseudopodium in front to pull the cell forward. Some examples of organisms that exhibit this type of locomotion are amoebae (such as Amoeba proteus and Naegleria gruberi,[2]) and slime molds, as well as some cells in humans such as leukocytes. Sarcomas, or cancers arising from connective tissue cells, are particularly adept at amoeboid movement, thus leading to their high rate of metastasis.
This type of movement has been linked to changes in action potential. While several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanism of amoeboid movement, its exact mechanisms are not yet well understood.[3][4]
Assembly and disassembly of actin filaments in cells may be important to the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms that contribute to different types of cellular movements in both striated muscle structures and nonmuscle cells.[5][6]
Polarity gives cells distinct leading and lagging edges through the shifting of proteins selectively to the poles, and may play an important role in eukaryotic chemotaxis.[7][8]
^Nishigami Y, Ichikawa M, Kazama T, Kobayashi R, Shimmen T, Yoshikawa K, Sonobe S (5 August 2013). "Reconstruction of active regular motion in amoeba extract: dynamic cooperation between sol and gel states". PLOS ONE. 8 (8): e70317. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...870317N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070317. PMC 3734023. PMID 23940560.
^ abPreston TM, Cooper LG, King CA (Jul–Aug 1990). "Amoeboid locomotion of Naegleria gruberi: the effects of cytochalasin B on cell-substratum interactions and motile behavior". The Journal of Protozoology. 37 (4): 6S–11S. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1990.tb01139.x. PMID 2258833.
^Allen RD, Allen NS (1978). "Cytoplasmic streaming in amoeboid movement". Annual Review of Biophysics and Bioengineering. 7: 469–95. doi:10.1146/annurev.bb.07.060178.002345. PMID 352246.
^Pollard TD (June 2007). "Regulation of actin filament assembly by Arp2/3 complex and formins". Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure. 36 (1): 451–77. doi:10.1146/annurev.biophys.35.040405.101936. PMID 17477841.
^Condeelis J (November 1993). "Life at the leading edge: the formation of cell protrusions". Annual Review of Cell Biology. 9 (1): 411–44. doi:10.1146/annurev.cb.09.110193.002211. PMID 8280467.
^Swaney KF, Huang CH, Devreotes PN (April 2010). "Eukaryotic chemotaxis: a network of signaling pathways controls motility, directional sensing, and polarity". Annual Review of Biophysics. 39 (1): 265–89. doi:10.1146/annurev.biophys.093008.131228. PMC 4364543. PMID 20192768.
^Kaneshiro, Edna S. (1995). "Amoeboid Movement, Cilia, and Flagella". Cell Physiology Source Book. pp. 611–637. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-656970-4.50051-8. ISBN 978-0-12-656970-4.
Amoeboidmovement is the most typical mode of locomotion in adherent eukaryotic cells. It is a crawling-like type of movement accomplished by protrusion...
"amoeboid" and "amoeba" interchangeably for any organism that exhibits amoeboidmovement. In older classification systems, most amoebae were placed in the...
two strands of actin. Microfilament functions include cytokinesis, amoeboidmovement, cell motility, changes in cell shape, endocytosis and exocytosis...
207–221. PMID 10943416. De Bruyn, P. P. H. (March 1947). "Theories of amoeboidmovement". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 22 (1). The University of Chicago...
mechanism of this euglenoid movement is not understood, but its molecular basis may be similar to that of amoeboidmovement. In low moisture conditions...
different kinds of motion: collective motility, mesenchymal-type movement, and amoeboidmovement. Cancer cells often opportunistically switch between different...
this process. Neutrophils undergo a process called chemotaxis via amoeboidmovement, which allows them to migrate toward sites of infection or inflammation...
different modes of movement exist: amoeboidmovement, a crawling-like movement, which also makes swimming possible filopodia, enabling movement of the axonal...
actin-myosin complex in the pseudopod. This type of locomotion is called amoeboidmovement. Rho GTPases can also activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)...
essentially all tissues, where they patrol for potential pathogens by amoeboidmovement. They take various forms (with various names) throughout the body...
mammalian cytoplasm with the aid of optical tweezers has been described. Amoeboidmovement – Mode of locomotion in eukaryotic cells Cytoplasmic streaming – Flow...
of a multinucleate protoplast without a cell wall which exhibits amoeboidmovement. Other examples include some plasmodiophorids, some haplosporidians...
influence of extra-embryonic signals. These germ cells then travel, via amoeboidmovement, to the genital ridge and eventually into the undifferentiated gonads...
diverse, eukaryotic-type components. In eukaryotic unicellular cells, amoeboidmovement and cilium or the eukaryotic flagellum are the main effectors (e.g...
the cytoplasmic streaming center the nucleus in the oocyte cell. Amoeboidmovement – Mode of locomotion in eukaryotic cells Goldstein RE, van de Meent...
zoospores swim until they find a suitable host and will occasionally use amoeboidmovement to better orient themselves to a host plant cell. After the zoospore...
versus -independent cancer cell invasion programs: three-dimensional amoeboidmovement revisited". The Journal of Cell Biology. 185 (1): 11–9. doi:10.1083/jcb...
mesenchymal-type movement by activating RAC1 GTPase and WAVE in complex with its GEF DOCK3, which in turn cause inhibition of GTPase Rho and amoeboidmovement. Invasion...
identified as eosinophil), could change shape, the phenomenon later called amoeboidmovement. Jones studied the bloods of different animals, from invertebrates...
currents of chick embryos, and the electrical currents associated with amoeboidmovement. In corrosion, the scanning reference electrode technique (SRET) existed...
usually referred to as amoeba or amoeboids. Other protists are not motile, and consequently have no built-in movement mechanism. Unicellular protists comprise...
autospores form from one protoplast. Unusually, the autospores show amoeboidmovement for some time, before settling in their usual shape and being released...
forms: the amoeboid stage, the cyst stage, and the flagellated stage, and has been routinely studied for its ease in change from amoeboid to flagellated...
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