Cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The cyclic portion refers to the two single bonds between the phosphate group and the ribose
A cyclic nucleotide (cNMP) is a single-phosphate nucleotide with a cyclic bond arrangement between the sugar and phosphate groups. Like other nucleotides, cyclic nucleotides are composed of three functional groups: a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a single phosphate group. As can be seen in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) images, the 'cyclic' portion consists of two bonds between the phosphate group and the 3' and 5' hydroxyl groups of the sugar, very often a ribose.
Their biological significance includes a broad range of protein-ligand interactions. They have been identified as secondary messengers in both hormone and ion-channel signalling in eukaryotic cells, as well as allosteric effector compounds of DNA binding proteins in prokaryotic cells. cAMP and cGMP are currently the most well documented cyclic nucleotides, however there is evidence that cCMP (with cytosine) is also involved in eukaryotic cellular messaging. The role of cyclic uridine monophosphate (cUMP) is even less well known.
Discovery of cyclic nucleotides has contributed greatly to the understanding of kinase and phosphatase mechanisms, as well as protein regulation in general. Although more than 50 years have passed since their initial discovery, interest in cyclic nucleotides and their biochemical and physiological significance continues.
A cyclicnucleotide (cNMP) is a single-phosphate nucleotide with a cyclic bond arrangement between the sugar and phosphate groups. Like other nucleotides...
function of ion channels such as the HCN channels and a few other cyclicnucleotide-binding proteins such as Epac1 and RAPGEF2. cAMP is associated with...
5′-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterases (EC 3.1.4.17) are a family of phosphodiesterases. Generally, these enzymes hydrolyze a nucleoside 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate...
division, etc.. In addition, nucleotides participate in cell signaling (cyclic guanosine monophosphate or cGMP and cyclic adenosine monophosphate or cAMP)...
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclicnucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are integral membrane proteins that serve as nonselective voltage-gated cation channels...
breaks a phosphodiester bond. Usually, phosphodiesterase refers to cyclicnucleotide phosphodiesterases, which have great clinical significance and are...
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclicnucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). cGMP acts as a second messenger much like cyclic...
Cyclicnucleotide gated channel beta 1, also known as CNGB1, is a human gene encoding an ion channel protein. Cyclicnucleotide-gated ion channel GRCh38:...
Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclicnucleotide-gated channel 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCN1 gene. Hyperpolarization-activated...
Cyclicnucleotide gated channel beta 3, also known as CNGB3, is a human gene encoding an ion channel protein. Cyclicnucleotide-gated ion channel Stargardt...
least four genetic causes of achromatopsia, two of which involve cyclicnucleotide-gated ion channels (ACHM2, ACHM3), a third involves the cone photoreceptor...
shear, and displacement. Cyclicnucleotide-gated channels: This superfamily of channels contains two families: the cyclicnucleotide-gated (CNG) channels...
the type IV, cyclic AMP (cAMP)-specific, cyclicnucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family. Cyclicnucleotides are important second messengers that regulate...
interacting with and regulating other proteins such as protein kinase A and cyclicnucleotide-gated ion channels. Photoactivated adenylyl cyclase (PAC) was discovered...
cAMP- and cGMP-mediated intracellular signaling by hydrolyzing the cyclicnucleotide to the corresponding nucleoside 5-prime monophosphate. Compound 96:...
(February 2008). "Structure of the transmembrane regions of a bacterial cyclicnucleotide-regulated channel". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences...
relative synthetic activity of cyclase and degrative activity of cyclicnucleotide PDE. PDE1 degrades both cGMP and cAMP. The various isoforms exhibit...
that remains to be established. The proposed molecular mechanism of cyclicnucleotide specificity of PDEs is the so-called glutamine switch mechanism. In...
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