Crystalline sponges are series of organometallic networks developed by Japanese chemist Makoto Fujita.[1][2] The organic small molecules are absorbed into the void space of the crystalline sponges. Since the organometallic network of crystalline sponges can interact with the small molecule substrates via non-covalent interactions, the absorption can be selective. That is, the crystalline sponge can enrich certain molecules from a mixture.[3]
As the crystal sponges are highly organized frameworks, the structure of the whole host-guest complex can be characterized by X-ray diffraction. Because the absorbate is encapsulated in a pre-organized environment, no single crystal of the substrate is needed in the X-ray diffraction. Besides, the X-ray crystallography of liquid samples can also be conducted.[4]
^Rosenberger, Lara; Essen, Carolina von; Khutia, Anupam; Kühn, Clemens; Urbahns, Klaus; Georgi, Katrin; Hartmann, Rolf W.; Badolo, Lassina (2020-07-01). "Crystalline Sponges as a Sensitive and Fast Method for Metabolite Identification: Application to Gemfibrozil and its Phase I and II Metabolites". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 48 (7): 587–593. doi:10.1124/dmd.120.091140. hdl:10033/622629. PMID 32434832. S2CID 218765092. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
into the crystallinesponges, and occupy the sponges’ cavities. As crystallinesponges provide a well-organized structure, the guests in sponges’ cavities...
range of dicotyledons. The spicules forming the skeleton of many sponges. Crystalline minerals formed in the physiological environment often show exceptional...
Spicules are structural elements found in most sponges. The meshing of many spicules serves as the sponge's skeleton and thus it provides structural support...
element; it has symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic luster, and is a tetravalent metalloid...
and calcium phosphates are usually crystalline, but silica organisms (sponges, diatoms...) are always non-crystalline minerals. Other examples include copper...
monoanions, are chelated to Zn2+ via oxygen and sulfur centers. In the crystalline state, zinc pyrithione exists as a centrosymmetric dimer (see figure)...
predominantly made up of amorphous silica and contain little or no crystalline silica. The crystalline silica content of diatomaceous earth is regulated in the...
vascular graft. PVA is commonly used in household sponges that absorb more water than polyurethane sponges. Polyvinyl acetals are prepared by treating PVA...
The usual active compound is ammonium carbonate—a colorless-to-white, crystalline solid ((NH4)2CO3). Because most modern solutions are mixed with water...
Compared to starch, cellulose is also much more crystalline. Whereas starch undergoes a crystalline to amorphous transition when heated beyond 60–70 °C...
definitions of 'superbase' include proton chelators like the aromatic proton sponges and the bispidines. Multicyclic polyamines, like DABCO might also be loosely...
precursors resulting in strong, covalent bonds to afford porous, stable, and crystalline materials. COFs emerged as a field from the overarching domain of organic...
matrix. Collagen scaffolds are used in tissue regeneration, whether in sponges, thin sheets, gels, or fibers. Collagen has favorable properties for tissue...
liquid is cooled, it often forms an ionic solid—which may be either crystalline or glassy. The ionic bond is usually stronger than the Van der Waals...
except in the northwestern part, where isolated patches of Archaean crystallines and Tertiary sandstone are exposed. The Archaeans are mainly represented...
metaphorically called a "metal sponge" (not to be confused with literal metal sponges) because it soaks up hydrogen "like a sponge soaks up water". At standard...
including thermosets, polystyrene, and methyl methacrylate (PMMA). Crystalline plastics exhibit a pattern of more regularly spaced atoms, such as high-density...
obtained from native fibers by an acid hydrolysis, giving rise to highly crystalline and rigid nanoparticles which are shorter (100s to 1000 nanometers) than...
Elder stated boldly that several sea creatures including sea nettles and sponges "are neither animals nor plants, but are possessed of a third nature (tertia...
unlike anything secreted by a sponge. Butterfield and Nicholas (1996) argued that they were closely related to sponges on the grounds that the detailed...
cell walls. Likewise, some holoplanktonic protozoa (Radiolaria), some sponges, and some plants (leaf phytoliths) use silicon as a structural material...
chains. Silicon in the form of silicon dioxide is used by diatoms and sea sponges to form their cell walls and skeletons. Silicon is essential for bone growth...
of radioactive iodine produced as nuclear waste. She also developed crystalline silicotitanates used to remove radioactive cesium from contaminated seawater...
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