Developmental pathway followed in flowering plants in absence of visible light
Spanish bluebells Hyacinthoides hispanica, showing both leaves and flowers in both etiolated and non-etiolated states. The longest etiolated leaves are about 50 cm long
Etiolation/iːtiəˈleɪʃən/ is a process in flowering plants grown in partial or complete absence of light.[1] It is characterized by long, weak stems; smaller leaves due to longer internodes; and a pale yellow color (chlorosis). The development of seedlings in the dark is known as "skotomorphogenesis" and leads to etiolated seedlings.
^Burgess, Jeremy (1985). An Introduction to Plant Cell Development. CUP Archive. p. 55. ISBN 0-521-31611-1. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
yellowish-white coloration. De-etiolation is the transition of seedlings from below-ground growth to above-ground growth form. Etiolation is controlled by the plant...
in an apical hook. This is referred to as skotomorphogenesis or etiolation. Etiolated seedlings are yellowish in color as chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast...
hormone mediated. In the absence of light, plants develop an etiolated growth pattern. Etiolation of the seedling causes it to become elongated, which may...
lateral buds on the shoot. The shoot also produces stolons that are long etiolated stems. The stolon elongates during long days with the presence of high...
in the biosynthetic pathway are light-dependent. Such plants are pale (etiolated) if grown in darkness. Non-vascular plants and green algae have an additional...
sunlight, which prevents the leaves from turning green and opening up (etiolation). It is often sold wrapped in blue paper to protect it from light, so...
cryptochromes. Phytochrome A, phyA, is light labile and allows germination and de-etiolation when light is scarce. Phytochromes B–E are more stable with phyB, the...
J. (1966). "Role of Oxygen Fixation in Hydroxyproline Biosynthesis by Etiolated Seedlings". Plant Physiology. 41 (2): 197–202. doi:10.1104/pp.41.2.197...
spread across the surface of Petri dishes sown with germinated and/or etiolated seedlings. Experiments with the moss Physcomitrella patens, however, have...
"albiflora". Plants that are pale simply from being in the dark are termed etiolated. Albino redwoods are rare examples of an albino tree with white needles;...
influence light-regulated seed germination, photomorphogenesis during de-etiolation, and photoperiod regulation of stem elongation and flowering. Microarray...
thylakoids. This does not happen in seedlings grown in the dark, which undergo etiolation. An underexposure to light can cause the thylakoids to fail. This causes...
Study in the Commodification of White Ruling-class Femininity and the Etiolation of Drag". Studies in Costume & Performance. 3 (2): 158. doi:10.1386/scp...
explore this hypothesis. Xanthophylls are found in all young leaves and in etiolated leaves. Examples of other rich sources include papaya, peaches, prunes...
the signaling cascades that regulate photoperiodism, germination, de-etiolation, and shade avoidance in plants. The genes FCA, fy, fpa, LUMINIDEPENDENS...
introduction by seedlings, seeds or plants in a new habitat by humans. etiolation Weak growth due to lack of light, resulting in elongated stems and yellowish...
surpassed by Michelangelo and Leonardo, perhaps as a reaction against the etiolated Raphaelism of 19th-century academic artists such as Bouguereau. Although...
follow the law of reciprocity. Other examples of LFRs include leaf de-etiolation and enhancement of rate of chlorophyll production. HIRs require long exposure...
species grew rapidly, but trees there and in the savannah suffered from etiolation and weakness caused by lack of stress wood, normally created in response...
in complete darkness, or in extremely low-light conditions. The word "etiolated" (from French word étioler — "straw") was first coined by Erasmus Darwin...
spectrally different forms of the phytochrome chromophore extracted from etiolated oat seedlings". Biochem J. 107 (4): 603–605. doi:10.1042/bj1070603. PMC 1198706...
soft stems but the base of the shrub is woody. In shady areas it becomes etiolated and behaves as a creeper, growing on other vegetation. It can then become...
hormone, causing hypertrophy. The affected plants, which are visibly etiolated (long and weak stems), chlorotic (lacking chlorophyll), and which are...
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