Conditions comorbid to autism spectrum disorders information
Medical conditions more common in autistic people
This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: The article's text does not yet reflect that since DSM-5 (2013) and ICD-11 (2022) there is one unified Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(July 2023)
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in early childhood, persists throughout adulthood, and affects two crucial areas of development: social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.[1] There are many conditions comorbid to autism spectrum disorder such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy.
In medicine and in psychiatry, comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional conditions co-occurring with the primary one, or the effect of such additional disorders. About 10–15% of autism cases have an identifiable Mendelian (single-gene) condition, chromosome abnormality, or other genetic syndrome,[2] a category referred to as syndromic autism. ASD is associated with several genetic disorders,[3] perhaps due to an overlap in genetic causes.[4]
Euler diagram showing overlapping clinical phenotypes in genes associated with monogenic forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), dystonia, epilepsy and schizophrenia:
Genes associated with epilepsy
Genes associated with schizophrenia
Genes associated with autism spectrum disorder
Genes associated with dystonia
Distinguishing between ASD and other diagnoses can be challenging because the traits of ASD often overlap with symptoms of other disorders and the characteristics of ASD make traditional diagnostic procedures difficult.[5][6]
^Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, (DSM-5). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. 2013.
^Folstein SE, Rosen-Sheidley B (December 2001). "Genetics of autism: complex aetiology for a heterogeneous disorder". Nature Reviews. Genetics. 2 (12): 943–955. doi:10.1038/35103559. PMID 11733747. S2CID 9331084.
^Zafeiriou DI, Ververi A, Vargiami E (June 2007). "Childhood autism and associated comorbidities". Brain & Development (Review). 29 (5): 257–272. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2006.09.003. PMID 17084999. S2CID 16386209.
^Cuthbert B (March 1, 2013). "Overlap Blurs Diagnostic Categories – NIH-funded Study". NIMH. Archived from the original on May 10, 2015. Retrieved May 26, 2015. National Institutes of Health-funded researchers discovered that people with disorders traditionally thought to be distinct – autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, major depression and schizophrenia – were more likely to have suspect genetic variation at the same four chromosomal sites. These included risk versions of two genes that regulate the flow of calcium into cells.
^Johnny L. Matson; Peter Sturmey, eds. (2011). International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders. New York: Springer. pp. 53–74.
^Underwood L, McCarthy J, Tsakanikos E (September 2010). "Mental health of adults with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability". Current Opinion in Psychiatry (Review). 23 (5): 421–426. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833cfc18. PMID 20613532. S2CID 13735841.
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