Chemical compound widely used in food and pharmaceuticals
"Glycerine" redirects here. For the song by Bush, see Glycerine (song).
Glycerol
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Propane-1,2,3-triol[1]
Other names
Glycerin
Glycerine
1,2,3-Trioxypropane
1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane
1,2,3-Propanetriol
Identifiers
CAS Number
56-81-5Y
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChEBI
CHEBI:17754Y
ChEMBL
ChEMBL692Y
ChemSpider
733Y
DrugBank
DB04077Y
ECHA InfoCard
100.000.263
E number
E422 (thickeners, ...)
IUPHAR/BPS
5195
KEGG
D00028Y
PubChem CID
753
UNII
PDC6A3C0OXY
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID9020663
InChI
InChI=1S/C3H8O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2Y
Key: PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-NY
InChI=1/C3H8O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2
Key: PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYAF
SMILES
OCC(O)CO
Properties
Chemical formula
C3H8O3
Molar mass
92.094 g·mol−1
Appearance
Colorless hygroscopic liquid
Odor
Odorless
Density
1.261 g/cm3
Melting point
17.8 °C (64.0 °F; 290.9 K)
Boiling point
290 °C (554 °F; 563 K)[5]
Solubility in water
miscible[2]
log P
−2.32[3]
Vapor pressure
0.003 mmHg (0.40 Pa) at 50 °C[2]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
−57.06×10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)
1.4746
Viscosity
1.412 Pa·s (20 °C)[4]
Pharmacology
ATC code
A06AG04 (WHO) A06AX01 (WHO), QA16QA03 (WHO)
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
1
1
0
Flash point
160 °C (320 °F; 433 K) (closed cup) 176 °C (349 °F; 449 K) (open cup)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 15 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)[2]
REL (Recommended)
None established[2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
N.D.[2]
Safety data sheet (SDS)
JT Baker ver. 2008 archive
Supplementary data page
Glycerol (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Yverify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references
Chemical compound
Glycerol (/ˈɡlɪsərɒl/),[6] also called glycerine or glycerin, is a simple triol compound. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and non-toxic. The glycerol backbone is found in lipids known as glycerides. It is also widely used as a sweetener in the food industry and as a humectant in pharmaceutical formulations. Because of its three hydroxyl groups, glycerol is miscible with water and is hygroscopic in nature.[7]
^International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 690. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
^ abcdeNIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0302". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^"glycerin_msds". Archived from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
^Segur, J. B.; Oberstar, H. E. (1951). "Viscosity of Glycerol and Its Aqueous Solutions". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 43 (9): 2117–2120. doi:10.1021/ie50501a040.
^Lide, D. R., ed. (1994). CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds (3rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4386.
^"glycerol – Definition of glycerol in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries – English. Archived from the original on 21 June 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
^Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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