Collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery information
Environmental disaster in Canada
The Atlantic fishery abruptly collapsed in 1993, following overfishing since the late-1950s, and an earlier partial collapse in the 1970s.[1] It is expected to recover to historical, sustainable levels by 2030.[2]
In 1992, Northern Cod populations fell to 1% of historical levels, due in large part to decades of overfishing.[3] The Canadian Federal Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, John Crosbie, declared a moratorium on the Northern Cod fishery, which for the preceding 500 years had primarily shaped the lives and communities of Canada's eastern coast.[4] A significant factor contributing to the depletion of the cod stocks off Newfoundland's shores was the introduction of equipment and technology that increased landed fish volume.[5] From the 1950s onwards, new technology allowed fishers to trawl a larger area, fish more in-depth, and for a longer time. By the 1960s, powerful trawlers equipped with radar, electronic navigation systems, and sonar allowed crews to pursue fish with unparalleled success, and Canadian catches peaked in the late-1970s and early-1980s.[4] Cod stocks were depleted at a faster rate than could be replenished.[4]
The trawlers also caught enormous amounts of non-commercial fish, which were economically unimportant but very important ecologically. This incidental catch undermined the stability of the ecosystem by depleting stocks of important predator and prey species.
^Kenneth T. Frank; Brian Petrie; Jae S. Choi; William C. Leggett (2005). "Trophic Cascades in a Formerly Cod-Dominated Ecosystem". Science. 308 (5728): 1621–1623. Bibcode:2005Sci...308.1621F. doi:10.1126/science.1113075. PMID 15947186. S2CID 45088691.
^Rose, George A.; Rowe, Sherrylynn (27 October 2015). "Northern cod comeback". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 72 (12): 1789–1798. doi:10.1139/cjfas-2015-0346. ISSN 0706-652X.
^Hamilton, Lawrence C.; Butler, M. J. (January 2001). "Outport adaptations: Social indicators through Newfoundland's Cod crisis". Human Ecology Review. 8 (2): 1–11.
^ abcHamilton, L.C.; Haedrich, R.L.; Duncan, C.M. (2004). "Above and below the water: Social/ecological transformation in northwest Newfoundland". Population and Environment. 25 (3): 195–215. doi:10.1007/s11111-004-4484-z. S2CID 189912501.
^Keating, Michael (February 1994). "Media, Fish and Sustainability". Working Paper. Ottawa: National Round Table on Environment and Economy. NDLC: DM621.
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