Gas desulfurizing process leading to the formation of elemental sulfur
Piles of sulfur produced in Alberta by the Claus process awaiting shipment at docks in Vancouver, Canada.
The Claus process is the most significant gas desulfurizing process, recovering elemental sulfur from gaseous hydrogen sulfide. First patented in 1883 by the chemist Carl Friedrich Claus, the Claus process has become the industry standard.
The multi-step Claus process recovers sulfur from the gaseous hydrogen sulfide found in raw natural gas and from the by-product gases containing hydrogen sulfide derived from refining crude oil and other industrial processes. The by-product gases mainly originate from physical and chemical gas treatment units (Selexol, Rectisol, Purisol and amine scrubbers) in refineries, natural gas processing plants and gasification or synthesis gas plants. These by-product gases may also contain hydrogen cyanide, hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide or ammonia.
Gases with an H2S content of over 25% are suitable for the recovery of sulfur in straight-through Claus plants while alternate configurations such as a split-flow set up or feed and air preheating can be used to process leaner feeds.[1]
Hydrogen sulfide produced, for example, in the hydro-desulfurization of refinery naphthas and other petroleum oils, is converted to sulfur in Claus plants.[2] The reaction proceeds in two steps:
2 H2S + 3 O2 → 2 SO2 + 2 H2O
4 H2S + 2 SO2 → 3 S2 + 4 H2O
The vast majority of the 64,000,000 tonnes of sulfur produced worldwide in 2005 was byproduct sulfur from refineries and other hydrocarbon processing plants.[3][4][5] Sulfur is used for manufacturing sulfuric acid, medicine, cosmetics, fertilizers and rubber products. Elemental sulfur is used as fertilizer and pesticide.
^Gas Processors Association Data Book, 10th Edition, Volume II, Section 22
^Gary, J.H.; Handwerk, G.E. (1984). Petroleum Refining Technology and Economics (2nd ed.). Marcel Dekker, Inc. ISBN 0-8247-7150-8.
^Sulfur production report by the United States Geological Survey
^Discussion of recovered byproduct sulfur
^Der Claus-Prozess. Reich an Jahren und bedeutender denn je, Bernhard Schreiner, Chemie in Unserer Zeit 2008, Vol. 42, Issue 6, Pages 378-392.
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Friedrich Claus (born 9 November 1827 in Kassel; died 29 August 1900 in London) was a German chemist and inventor. He patented the Clausprocess. Claus studied...
(see Clausprocess). In the Frasch process, superheated water is pumped into the sulfur deposit; the sulfur melts and is extracted. The Frasch process is...
agent, as indicated by its ability to reduce sulfur dioxide in the Clausprocess. Hydrogen sulfide burns in oxygen with a blue flame to form sulfur dioxide...
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and Belgium, the character of Santa Claus competes with that of Sinterklaas, based on Saint Nicolas. Santa Claus is known as de Kerstman in Dutch ("the...
an amine treatment process. The removed H2S is most often subsequently converted to by-product elemental sulfur in a Clausprocess or it can be treated...
chloride: SO2 + Cl2 → SO2Cl2 Sulfur dioxide is the oxidising agent in the Clausprocess, which is conducted on a large scale in oil refineries. Here, sulfur...
processes are of great industrial and environmental importance as they provide the bulk of sulfur used in industry (Clausprocess and Contact process)...
inverse comproportionation reaction is the reaction occurring in the Clausprocess used for desulfurization of oil and gas crude products in the refining...
a sulfur-removing process called hydrodesulfurization. This H2S-rich stripped gas stream is then usually routed into a Clausprocess to convert it into...
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aldehyde. Energy portal Renewable energy portal Boudouard reaction Clausprocess Coal gas Industrial gas Integrated gasification combined cycle Partial...
phase of catalysts differs from that of the reactants or products. The process contrasts with homogeneous catalysis where the reactants, products and...
which is recovered from volcanic sources and is a major product of the Clausprocess, associated with petroleum refineries. Sulfur (pharmacy) International...
the Clausprocess. This results in lower emissions of sulfur dioxide, particulates, mercury, and in some cases carbon dioxide. With additional process equipment...
elemental sulfur in a Clausprocess unit or to sulfuric acid in a wet sulfuric acid process or in the conventional Contact Process. Note that the above...
its largest scale application, aluminium oxide is the catalyst in the Clausprocess for converting hydrogen sulfide waste gases into elemental sulfur in...
sulfide from this process, and also as it occurs in natural gas, is converted into elemental sulfur by the Clausprocess. This process entails oxidation...
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finally converted to elemental sulfur in a Clausprocess unit. In those industries, desulfurization process units are often referred to as hydrodesulfurizers...
Lippe-Biesterfeld" with the style of Royal Highness. Afterward, Queen Beatrix, Prince Claus, Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard appeared on the palace balcony. The...
{2 H2S + SO2 -> 3 S + 2 H2O}}} The Claus reaction is one of the chemical reactions involved in the Clausprocess used for the desulfurization of gases...
Claus Wellenreuther (born 1935) is a German entrepreneur and the co-founder of the software company SAP SE. Wellenreuther was born in Mannheim and studied...
selenium chemistry: 15 Se + SeCl4 + 4 AlCl3 → 2 Se8[AlCl4]2 In the Clausprocess, two gaseous compounds of sulfur comproportionate in the presence of...
Clausprocess or alternatively converted to valuable sulfuric acid in a WSA Process unit. Processes within oil refineries or natural-gas processing plants...
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