acyltransferase, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer
citrate (Si)-synthase activity
RNA binding
Cellular component
mitochondrial matrix
extracellular exosome
mitochondrion
nucleus
Biological process
citrate metabolic process
tricarboxylic acid cycle
carbohydrate metabolic process
metabolism
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species
Human
Mouse
Entrez
1431
12974
Ensembl
ENSG00000062485
ENSMUSG00000005683
UniProt
O75390
Q9CZU6
RefSeq (mRNA)
NM_198324 NM_004077
NM_026444
RefSeq (protein)
NP_004068
NP_080720
Location (UCSC)
Chr 12: 56.27 – 56.3 Mb
Chr 10: 128.17 – 128.2 Mb
PubMed search
[3]
[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human
View/Edit Mouse
Citrate synthase (E.C. 2.3.3.1 (previously 4.1.3.7)) is an enzyme that exists in nearly all living cells. It functions as a pace-making enzyme in the first step of the citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle).[5] Citrate synthase is located within eukaryotic cells in the mitochondrial matrix, but is encoded by nuclear DNA rather than mitochondrial. It is synthesized using cytoplasmic ribosomes, then transported into the mitochondrial matrix.
Citrate synthase is commonly used as a quantitative enzyme marker for the presence of intact mitochondria. Maximal activity of citrate synthase indicates the mitochondrial content of skeletal muscle.[6] The maximal activity can be increased by endurance training or high-intensity interval training,[6] but maximal activity is further increased with high-intensity interval training.[7]
Citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation reaction of the two-carbon acetate residue from acetyl coenzyme A and a molecule of four-carbon oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon citrate:[5]
Oxaloacetate is regenerated after the completion of one round of the Krebs cycle.
Oxaloacetate is the first substrate to bind to the enzyme. This induces the enzyme to change its conformation, and creates a binding site for the acetyl-CoA. Only when this citryl-CoA has formed will another conformational change cause thioester hydrolysis and release coenzyme A. This ensures that the energy released from the thioester bond cleavage will drive the condensation.
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000062485 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005683 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ abWiegand G, Remington SJ (1986). "Citrate synthase: structure, control, and mechanism". Annual Review of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry. 15: 97–117. doi:10.1146/annurev.bb.15.060186.000525. PMID 3013232.
^ abGillen JB, Martin BJ, MacInnis MJ, Skelly LE, Tarnopolsky MA, Gibala MJ (2016). "Twelve Weeks of Sprint Interval Training Improves Indices of Cardiometabolic Health Similar to Traditional Endurance Training despite a Five-Fold Lower Exercise Volume and Time Commitment". PLOS One. 11 (4): e0154075. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1154075G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154075. PMC 4846072. PMID 27115137.
^MacInnis MJ, Zacharewicz E, Martin BJ, Haikalis ME, Skelly LE, Tarnopolsky MA, Murphy RM, Gibala MJ (2017). "Superior mitochondrial adaptations in human skeletal muscle after interval compared to continuous single-leg cycling matched for total work". The Journal of Physiology. 595 (9): 2955–2968. doi:10.1113/JP272570. PMC 5407978. PMID 27396440.
Citratesynthase (E.C. 2.3.3.1 (previously 4.1.3.7)) is an enzyme that exists in nearly all living cells. It functions as a pace-making enzyme in the first...
ATP citratesynthase (also ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)) is an enzyme that in animals represents an important step in fatty acid biosynthesis. By converting...
also citratesynthase. Acetyl-coA inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase, while succinyl-CoA inhibits alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and citratesynthase. When...
biology, the citratesynthase family of proteins includes the enzymes citratesynthase EC 2.3.3.1, and the related enzymes 2-methylcitrate synthase EC 2.3.3...
animals, plants, and bacteria. Citratesynthase catalyzes the condensation of oxaloacetate with acetyl CoA to form citrate. Citrate then acts as the substrate...
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phosphate, ATP, ADP, and AMP. Citrate – the ion that gives its name to the cycle – is a feedback inhibitor of citratesynthase and also inhibits PFK, providing...
injury, a common sports injury Anti-cardiolipin antibodies ATP citratesynthase, or ATP citrate lyase, an enzyme ACL Cables, a cable manufacturing company...
Fluoroacetate, in the citric acid cycle, is converted to fluorocitrate by citratesynthase. Fluorocitrate competitively inhibits aconitase halting the citric...
the cell along with the regulation of enzymatic activity. In E. coli citratesynthase, the enzyme involved in the condensation reaction initiating the Citric...
by citratesynthase. Flurocitrate is a metabolite of fluoroacetic acid and is very toxic because it is not processable using aconitase in the citrate cycle...
and fatty acids via hexokinase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase, and citratesynthase enzymes at rates that are the highest known for vertebrate skeletal...
specific to the reductive citric acid cycle – citrate lyase, fumarate reductase, and α-ketoglutarate synthase.[citation needed] The splitting of citric acid...
"The ketogenic diet component decanoic acid increases mitochondrial citratesynthase and complex I activity in neuronal cells". Journal of Neurochemistry...
citric acid cycle, where it reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate, catalyzed by citratesynthase. It is also involved in gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle...
of the eight enzymes associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle: citratesynthase, aconitase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and malate dehydrogenase...
Adrian J. (24 October 2011). ""Lethal Synthesis" of Fluorocitrate by CitrateSynthase Explained through QM/MM Modeling". Angewandte Chemie International...
fully functioning cycle. The enzymes missing from the TCA cycle are citratesynthase, aconitate hydratase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. H. influenzae has...
peepers are typically superior callers. These types of males utilize citratesynthase and β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase in their muscles at greater levels...
oxidative activity was quantified primarily by monitoring rates of CitrateSynthase flux (VCS ), a critical enzyme in the process of mitochondrial oxidation...
the ability to hydrolyse proline and tributyrin, its 16S rRNA and citratesynthase gene sequences. its type strain is IBS 506T(CIP 105476T). Heller, R...
In enzymology, an aerobactin synthase (EC 6.3.2.39) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 4 ATP + citrate + 2 N6-acetyl-N6-hydroxy-L-lysine...
Global Information
acetyl-CoA
Oxaloacetic acid
Citric acid
