Green algae on coastal rocks at Shihtiping in Taiwan
Chlorophyta is a taxon of green algae informally called chlorophytes.[6] The name is used in two very different senses, so care is needed to determine the use by a particular author. In older classification systems, it is a highly paraphyletic group of all the green algae within the green plants (Viridiplantae) and thus includes about 7,000 species[7][8] of mostly aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. In newer classifications, it is the sister clade of the streptophytes/charophytes. The clade Streptophyta consists of the Charophyta in which the Embryophyta (land plants) emerged.[9][10] In this latter sense the Chlorophyta includes only about 4,300 species.[4] About 90% of all known species live in freshwater.[11]
Like the land plants (embryophytes: bryophytes and tracheophytes), green algae (chlorophytes and charophytes besides embryophytes) contain chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and store food as starch[7] in their plastids.
With the exception of the three classes Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae and Chlorophyceae in the UTC clade, which show various degrees of multicellularity, all the Chlorophyta lineages are unicellular.[12] Some members of the group form symbiotic relationships with protozoa, sponges, and cnidarians. Others form symbiotic relationships with fungi to form lichens, but the majority of species are free-living. Some conduct sexual reproduction, which is oogamous or isogamous. All members of the clade have motile flagellated swimming cells.[13] While most species live in freshwater habitats and a large number in marine habitats, other species are adapted to a wide range of land environments. For example, Chlamydomonas nivalis, which causes Watermelon snow, lives on summer alpine snowfields. Others, such as Trentepohlia species, live attached to rocks or woody parts of trees. Monostroma kuroshiense, an edible green alga cultivated worldwide and most expensive among green algae, belongs to this group.
^Reichenbach HG (1828). Conspectus Regni Vegetabilis. p. 23.
^Pascher A (1914). "Über Flagellaten und Algen". Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. 32: 136–160. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1914.tb07573.x. S2CID 257830577.
^Adl SM, Simpson AG, Farmer MA, Andersen RA, Anderson OR, Barta JR, et al. (2005). "The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 52 (5): 399–451. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x. PMID 16248873. S2CID 8060916.
^ abGuiry MD, Guiry GM (2011). "AlgaeBase : Chlorophyta". World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved 2011-07-26.
^Papenfuss GF (1955). "The Classification of the Algae". A century of progress in the natural sciences, 1853-1953. California Academy of Sciences.
^Rockwell NC, Martin SS, Li FW, Mathews S, Lagarias JC (May 2017). "The phycocyanobilin chromophore of streptophyte algal phytochromes is synthesized by HY2". The New Phytologist. 214 (3): 1145–1157. doi:10.1111/nph.14422. PMC 5388591. PMID 28106912.
^ abvan den Hoek C, Mann DG, Jahns HM (1995). Algae An Introduction to Phycology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-30419-1.
^"Major Algae Phyla - Table - MSN Encarta". Archived from the original on 2009-10-29.
^Lewis LA, McCourt RM (October 2004). "Green algae and the origin of land plants". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1535–56. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535. PMID 21652308.
^Becker B, Marin B (May 2009). "Streptophyte algae and the origin of embryophytes". Annals of Botany. 103 (7): 999–1004. doi:10.1093/aob/mcp044. PMC 2707909. PMID 19273476.
^Lee, Robert Edward (2018). Chlorophyta (Chapter 5) - Phycology - Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316407219. ISBN 9781316407219.
^Umen JG (October 2014). "Green algae and the origins of multicellularity in the plant kingdom". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 6 (11): a016170. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016170. PMC 4413236. PMID 25324214.
^Kapraun DF (April 2007). "Nuclear DNA content estimates in green algal lineages: chlorophyta and streptophyta". Annals of Botany. 99 (4): 677–701. doi:10.1093/aob/mcl294. PMC 2802934. PMID 17272304.
Chlorophyta is a taxon of green algae informally called chlorophytes. The name is used in two very different senses, so care is needed to determine the...
phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta. The land plants (Embryophytes) have emerged...
throughout the world in tropical and subtropical regions, within the phylum Chlorophyta. It is one of the largest known unicellular organisms. Valonia ventricosa...
basal Viridiplantae clade, as sister of another clade comprising the Chlorophyta and the Streptophyta. It consists of the Prasinodermophyceae and the...
reproductive cells". On the other hand, the colorless Prototheca under Chlorophyta are all devoid of any chlorophyll. Although cyanobacteria are often referred...
Chlorella vulgaris is a species of green microalga in the division Chlorophyta. It is mainly used as a dietary supplement or protein-rich food additive...
448. ISBN 0-521-30419-9. Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011). AlgaeBase : Chlorophyta. National University of Ireland, Galway. Archived from the original on...
synonym of Streptophyta. The sister group of the charophytes are the Chlorophyta. In some charophyte groups, such as the Zygnematophyceae or conjugating...
(Ulvales, Chlorophyta. PLoS ONE 9(10): e109295. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109295 Lagourgue, L et al 2022 The new species of Ulva (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) discovered...
"Morpho-molecular assessment of Acetabularia jalakanyakae Sp. Nov. (Dasycladales, Chlorophyta) - a new species from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India". Indian Journal...
term includes some types of Rhodophyta (red), Phaeophyta (brown) and Chlorophyta (green) macroalgae. Seaweed species such as kelps provide essential nursery...
understood traditionally. The Viridiplantae are made up of two clades: Chlorophyta and Streptophyta as well as the basal Mesostigmatophyceae and Chlorokybophyceae...
Chlorella coloniales is a euryhaline, unicellular microalga in the Division Chlorophyta. It is spherical to oval-shaped and is solitary Bock, Christina, Lothar...
reserves. The algal division Charophyta, sister to the green algal division Chlorophyta, is considered to contain the ancestor of true plants. The Charophyte...
definition employed here includes land plants and all green algae except the Chlorophyta and the more basal Prasinodermophyta. The composition of Streptophyta...
about thirteen species of single-celled green algae of the division Chlorophyta. The cells are spherical in shape, about 2 to 10 μm in diameter, and...
Lewis, Louise A. (2019). "A new species of Tetradesmus (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) isolated from desert soil crust habitats in southwestern North America"...
Caulerpaceae, from the order Bryopsidales, class Ulvophyceae, and phylum Chlorophyta. Through the use of tufA gene sequencing, it was revealed that Pseudochlorodesmis...
The Trebouxiophyceae are a class of green algae, in the division Chlorophyta. Their circumscription within the green algae is not well established due...
(2002). "PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN CLADOPHORALES (ULVOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA) INFERRED FROM 18S rRNA GENE SEQUENCES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AEGAGROPILA...
hair of sloths and a specific association with Trichophilus welckeri (Chlorophyta, Ulvophyceae)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (86): 86. Bibcode:2010BMCEE...
order Nephroselmidales and the class Nephrophyceae within the division Chlorophyta. Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Nephroselmidaceae". AlgaeBase. World-wide...
organisms. In the majority of lichens the photobiont is a green alga (Chlorophyta) or a cyanobacterium. In some lichens both types are present; in such...
Global Information
