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Charles the Fat
Emperor of the Romans
A seal of Charles the Fat with the inscription KAROLVS MAGS ("Carolus Magnus")
Emperor of the Carolingian Empire
Reign12 February 881 –
November 887
Coronation12 February 881, Rome
PredecessorCharles II (877)
SuccessorGuy of Spoleto (891)
King of West Francia and Aquitaine
Reign12 December 884 –
November 887
Coronation20 May 885, Grand
PredecessorCarloman II
Successor
  • Odo of France
  • Ranulf II of Aquitaine
King of Italy
Reign22 March 880 – November 887
Coronation12 April 880, Ravenna
PredecessorCarloman
SuccessorBerengar I
King of East Francia and Alemannia
Reign28 August 876 – November 887
PredecessorLouis II
SuccessorArnulf
Co-rulers
  • Carloman (876–880)
  • Louis III (876–882)
Born839
Neudingen (Donaueschingen), Carolingian Empire
Died13 January 888 (aged 48–49)
Neudingen (Donaueschingen), Carolingian Empire
Burial
Abbey of Reichenau, Lake Constance (present-day Germany)
SpouseRichardis of Swabia (m. 862)
IssueBernard (illegitimate)
DynastyCarolingian
FatherLouis II
MotherEmma of Altdorf
ReligionChalcedonian Christianity

Charles III (839 – 13 January 888), also known as Charles the Fat, was the emperor of the Carolingian Empire[a] from 881 to 887. A member of the Carolingian dynasty, Charles was the youngest son of Louis the German and Hemma, and a great-grandson of Charlemagne. He was the last Carolingian emperor of legitimate birth and the last to rule a united kingdom of the Franks.

Over his lifetime, Charles became ruler of the various kingdoms of Charlemagne's former empire. Granted lordship over Alamannia in 876, following the division of East Francia, he succeeded to the Italian throne upon the abdication of his older brother Carloman of Bavaria who had been incapacitated by a stroke. Crowned emperor in 881 by Pope John VIII, his succession to the territories of his brother Louis the Younger (Saxony and Bavaria) the following year reunited the kingdom of East Francia. Upon the death of his cousin Carloman II in 884, he inherited all of West Francia, thus reuniting the entire Carolingian Empire.

Usually considered lethargic and inept—he was frequently ill, and is believed to have had epilepsy—Charles twice purchased peace with Viking raiders, including at the infamous Siege of Paris, which led to his downfall.

The reunited empire did not last. During a coup led by his nephew Arnulf of Carinthia in mid-November 887, Charles was deposed in East Francia, Lotharingia, and the Kingdom of Italy. Forced into quiet retirement, he died of natural causes on 13 January 888, just a few weeks after his deposition.[2] The Empire quickly fell apart after his death, splintering into five separate successor kingdoms; the territory it had occupied was not entirely reunited under one ruler until the conquests of Napoleon.

  1. ^ Brunel, Ghislain (2007). "Les cisterciens et Charles V". Société de l'histoire de France: 79. JSTOR 23408518.
  2. ^ "Karl III". Neue Deutsche Biographie.


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