Svatopluk I of Moravia information

Svatopluk I
Svatopluk I
	Statue of Svatopluk on Bratislava Castle, Slovakia
Prince of Nitra
Reign	before 867–870
Duke of Moravia
Reign	870–871
Predecessor	Rastislav
Successor	Slavomir
Reign	871–before 885
Predecessor	Slavomír
Successor	Himself as King of Great Moravia
King of Great Moravia
Reign	before 885–894
Predecessor	Himself as duke
Successor	Mojmir II
Born	c. 840
Died	894
Spouse	Unknown at this moment(?)[citation needed]
Issue	Mojmír II; Svatopluk II; Predslav (?)
House	House of Mojmír
Father	Bogislav (?), Svetimir (?)
Mother	Unknown

Svatopluk I or Svätopluk I, also known as Svatopluk the Great (Medieval Latin: Zuentepulc(us), Zuentibald, Sventopulch(us), Zvataplug; Old Church Slavic: Свѧтопълкъ and transliterated Svętopъłkъ; Polish: Świętopełk; Greek: Σφενδοπλόκος, Sfendoplókos),^[1] was a ruler of Great Moravia, which attained its maximum territorial expansion during his reign (870–871, 871–894).^[2]^[3]

Svatopluk's career started in the 860s, when he governed a principality within Moravia, the location of which is still a matter of debate among historians, under the suzerainty of his uncle, Rastislav.^[4]^[5] In 870 Svatopluk dethroned Rastislav, who was a vassal of Louis the German, and betrayed him to the Franks. Within a year, however, the Franks also imprisoned Svatopluk.^[6]^[7] After the Moravians rebelled against the Franks, Svatopluk was released and led the rebels to victory over the invaders.^[8] Although he was obliged to pay tribute to East Francia under the peace treaty concluded at Forchheim (Germany) in 874, he was able to expand his territories outside the Franks' sphere of interest in the following years.^[8]^[9] His forces even invaded the March of Pannonia within East Francia in 882.^[9]^[10]

Svatopluk established a good relationship with the popes, and he and his people were formally taken under the protection of the Holy See in 880.^[5]^[8] Pope Stephen V even addressed him as "King" in a letter written in 885.^[11] Svatopluk seems to have wanted to appease the German clergy who opposed the conducting of the liturgy in Old Church Slavonic, and he expelled the disciples of Methodius from Moravia in 886, after their teacher's death.^[10]^[12]^[13]

Svatopluk's state was a loose assemblage of principalities and also included conquered territories.^[14]

Not long after his death Svatopluk's realm of Great Moravia collapsed in the midst of a power struggle between his sons and the intensifying Hungarian raids.^[15]^[16]

Svatopluk, whose empire encompassed parts of the territory of modern Czech Republic (Moravia and Bohemia), Slovakia, Poland and Hungary, has occasionally been presented as a "Slovak King" in Slovak literary works since the 18th century, the period of the Slovak national awakening.^[17]

^ Havlík 2013, p. 362
^ Kirschbaum 2007, pp. 5., 278.
^ Bartl 2002, pp. 17., 336.
^ Goldberg 2006, p. 284
^ ^a ^b Kirschbaum 2007, p. 278
^ Bowlus 1995, p. 7
^ Spiesz et al. 2006, p. 21.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bartl 2002, p. 21
^ ^a ^b Kirschbaum 2007, p. 121
^ ^a ^b Bartl 2002, p. 22
^ Cite error: The named reference Vlasto 81 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Barford 110 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Vlasto 82 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Kirschbaum 2005, p. 35
^ Bartl 2002, p. 17
^ Spiesz et al. 2006, p. 311.
^ Bartl 2002, p. 88

[1] Havlík 2013, p. 362

[2] Kirschbaum 2007, pp. 5., 278.

[3] Bartl 2002, pp. 17., 336.

[Goldberg_284-4] Goldberg 2006, p. 284

[Kirschbaum_278-5] Kirschbaum 2007, p. 278

[6] Bowlus 1995, p. 7

[7] Spiesz et al. 2006, p. 21.

[Bartl_21-8] Bartl 2002, p. 21

[Kirschbaum_121-9] Kirschbaum 2007, p. 121

[Bartl_22-10] Bartl 2002, p. 22

[Vlasto_81-11] Cite error: The named reference Vlasto 81 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Barford_110-12] Cite error: The named reference Barford 110 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Vlasto_82-13] Cite error: The named reference Vlasto 82 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Kirschbaum_35-14] Kirschbaum 2005, p. 35

[Bartl_17-15] Bartl 2002, p. 17

[16] Spiesz et al. 2006, p. 311.

[Bartl_2002,_p._88-17] Bartl 2002, p. 88

Svatopluk I of Moravia information

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Great Moravia

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Svatopluk II

Vistulans

Alternative theories of the location of Great Moravia

Mojmir II of Moravia

Slavomir of Moravia

List of people from Moravia

890

Moravia

Czech Republic

Hungarian invasions of Europe

Menumorut

History of Slovakia

Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin

List of people known as the Great

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Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Czechs

Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia

History of Moravia