Louis's seal with an effigy of the Roman emperor Hadrian. The inscription reads "XPE PROTEGE HLUDOICUM REGEM" meaning – "O Christ, protect King Louis!"[1]
King of East Francia (King of Germany)
Reign
c. 10 August 843 – 28 August 876
Predecessor
Louis the Pious
Successor
Carloman of Bavaria (Bavaria) Louis the Younger (Saxony) Charles the Fat (Swabia)
Born
c. 806
Died
28 August 876 Frankfurt am Main
Burial
Lorsch Abbey
Spouse
Emma of Altdorf (m. 827; d. 876)
Issue
Carloman of Bavaria Louis the Younger Charles the Fat
Dynasty
Carolingian
Father
Louis the Pious
Mother
Ermengarde of Hesbaye
Signum manus
The East Frankish Kingdom
Louis the German[a] (c. 806[3][4]/810[2] – 28 August 876), also known as Louis II of Germany,[b] was the first king of East Francia, and ruled from 843 to 876 AD. Grandson of emperor Charlemagne and the third son of Louis the Pious, emperor of Francia, and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye,[5] he received the appellation Germanicus shortly after his death, when East Francia became known as the kingdom of Germany.
After protracted clashes with his father and his brothers, Louis received the East Frankish kingdom in the Treaty of Verdun (843). His attempts to conquer his half-brother Charles the Bald's West Frankish kingdom in 858–59 were unsuccessful. The 860s were marked by a severe crisis, with the East Frankish rebellions of the sons, as well as struggles to maintain supremacy over his realm. In the Treaty of Meerssen he acquired Lotharingia for the East Frankish kingdom in 870. On the other hand, he tried and failed to claim both the title of Emperor and Italy. In the East, Louis was able to reach a longer-term peace agreement in 874 after decades of conflict with the Moravians. His rule shows a marked decline in creation of written administration and government documents, a trend that would continue into Ottonian times.[6]
^Goldberg 2006, pp. 72–73.
^ abGoldberg 2006, pp. 26–27.
^Dutton 1990, p. 92.
^Costambeys, Innes & MacLean 2011, p. xx.
^Riche 1993, p. 145.
^Prudentius (861). Annals of St. Bertin.
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be LouistheGerman, although Louisthe Pious has also been suggested. It is illustrated in the Franco-Saxon style and probably served as Louis's private...
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