CgNa is a peptide toxin isolated from the sea anemone Condylactis gigantea. It causes an increased action potential duration by slowing down the inactivation of tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels.[1][2]
^Ständker, Ludger; Béress, Lászlo; Garateix, Anoland; Christ, Torsten; Ravens, Ursula; Salceda, Emilio; Soto, Enrique; John, Harald; Forssmann, Wolf-Georg; Aneiros, Abel (August 2006). "A new toxin from the sea anemone Condylactis gigantea with effect on sodium channel inactivation". Toxicon. 48 (2): 211–220. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.05.001. PMID 16814340.
^Salceda, Emilio; Pérez-Castells, Javier; López-Méndez, Blanca; Garateix, Anoland; Salazar, Hector; López, Omar; Aneiros, Abel; Ständker, Ludger; Béress, Lászlo; Forssmann, Wolf-Georg; Soto, Enrique; Jiménez-Barbero, Jesús; Giménez-Gallego, Guillermo (15 August 2007). "CgNa, a type I toxin from the giant Caribbean sea anemone shows structural similarities to both type I and II toxins, as well as distinctive structural and functional properties". Biochemical Journal. 406 (1): 67–76. doi:10.1042/BJ20070130. PMC 1948996. PMID 17506725.
CgNa is a peptide toxin isolated from the sea anemone Condylactis gigantea. It causes an increased action potential duration by slowing down the inactivation...
Cholera toxin (also known as choleragen and sometimes abbreviated to CTX, Ctx or CT) is an AB5 multimeric protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio...
nematocysts that contain CgNatoxin. When stimulated, the nematocysts explode out of the capsule, impaling the attacker. The toxin is then discharged, causing...
Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity). Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological...
produce multiple toxins. The most well-characterized are enterotoxin (Clostridium difficile toxin A) and cytotoxin (Clostridium difficile toxin B), both of...
toxins causes peeling of the skin observed with SSSS. Other toxins Staphylococcal toxins that act on cell membranes include alpha toxin, beta toxin,...
affect SNARE complexes. Such toxins as the botulinum and tetanus toxins work by targeting the SNARE components. These toxins prevent proper vesicle recycling...
thwarting digestion by host endogenous enzymes. The Hbl and Nhe toxins are pore-forming toxins closely related to ClyA of E. coli. The proteins exhibit a conformation...
and China. BmKAEP is an inhibitory β-toxin and thus, a Na+ channel inhibitor. As with other mammal and insect toxins, BmKAEP is classified according to...
multocida toxin (PMT) residing on a bacteriophage. PMT is responsible for the twisted snouts observed in pigs infected with the bacteria. This toxin activates...
S2CID 7432802. Farag SM, Mohammed MO, El-Sobky TA, ElKadery NA, ElZohiery AK (March 2020). "Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Treatment of Upper Limb Spasticity in...
contain are responsible for the ligand-induced secretion of eosinophilic toxins which cause structural damage. There is evidence to suggest that eosinophil...
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1), also known as solute carrier family 47 member 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC47A1...
research has focused on the use of Varespladib as an inhibitor of snake venom toxins using various types of in vitro and in vivo models. Varespladib showed...
for cancers. Lizards such as the Gila monster produce toxins with medical applications. Gila toxin reduces plasma glucose; the substance is now synthesised...
of diseases in humans and animals through either toxin production or penetration. Staphylococcal toxins are a common cause of food poisoning, for they can...
the next host if proper sanitation measures are not in place. The cholera toxin (CTX or CT) is an oligomeric complex made up of six protein subunits: a...
factor 2 via ADP-ribosylation in the host cell, much as the diphtheria toxin does. Without elongation factor 2, eukaryotic cells cannot synthesize proteins...
must work cooperatively to achieve infection.[citation needed] The AvrA toxin injected by the SPI1 type III secretion system of S. Typhimurium works to...
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SLC47A2 gene. This gene encodes a protein belonging to a family...
source of energy. Primary transporters use energy to transport ions such as Na +, K+, and Ca2+ across a cells membrane and can create concentration gradients...
called excitotoxicity, in which excessive amounts of glutamate acts as a toxin to neurons by triggering a number of biochemical cascades. The activity...
Global Information