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cccDNA (covalently closed circular DNA) is a special DNA structure that arises during the propagation of some viruses in the cell nucleus and may remain permanently there. It is a double-stranded DNA that originates in a linear form that is ligated by means of DNA ligase to a covalently closed ring. In most cases, transcription of viral DNA can occur from the circular form only. The cccDNA of viruses is also known as episomal DNA or occasionally as a minichromosome.
cccDNA was first described in bacteriophages, but it was also found in some cell cultures where an infection of DNA viruses (Polyomaviridae) was detected.[1][2] cccDNA is typical of Caulimoviridae and Hepadnaviridae, including the hepatitis B virus (HBV). cccDNA in HBV is formed by conversion of capsid-associated relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA).[3] Following hepatitis B infections, cccDNA can remain following clinical treatment in liver cells and can rarely reactivate. The relative quantity of cccDNA present is an indicator for HBV treatment.[4]
^Mosevitskaia TV, Pavel'chuk EB, Tomilin NV (1976). "[Substrate of a UV-induced repair system providing for W-reactivation of lambda phage]". Genetika (in Russian). 12 (8): 131–8. PMID 1001892.
^Kunisada, T.; H. Yamagishi (November 1984). "Sequence repetition and genomic distribution of small polydisperse circular DNA purified from HeLa cells". Gene. 31 (1–3): 213–223. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(84)90212-9. PMID 6098526.
^Guo H.; D. Jiang; T. Zhou; A. Cuconati; T.M. Block; J.T. Guo (November 2007). "Characterization of the intracellular deproteinized relaxed circular DNA of hepatitis B virus: an intermediate of covalently closed circular DNA formation". J Virol. 81 (22): 12472–12484. doi:10.1128/JVI.01123-07. PMC 2169032. PMID 17804499.
^Bourne, E.J.; Dienstag, J.L.; Lopez, V.A.; et al. (January 2007). "Quantitative analysis of HBV cccDNA from clinical specimens: correlation with clinical and virological response during antiviral therapy". Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 14 (1): 56–63. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00775.x. PMID 17212645. S2CID 21563920.
cccDNA (covalently closed circular DNA) is a special DNA structure that arises during the propagation of some viruses in the cell nucleus and may remain...
Circular DNA is DNA that forms a closed loop and has no ends. Examples include: Plasmids, mobile genetic elements cccDNA, formed by some viruses inside...
circular DNA (also known as cccDNA) is topologically constrained as the number of times the chains coiled around one other cannot change. This cccDNA can be...
person (i.e. the person is infectious). HBeAg is considered a marker for cccDNA replication. HBeAg is an antigen that can be found between the icosahedral...
stranded DNA is 'repaired' by the viral polymerase to form a complete circular dsDNA genome (called covalently-closed-circular DNA or cccDNA). The genome...
cell's DNA repair mechanisms to synthesize a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) genome. The integrated genome of +ssRNA-RT viruses and the cccDNA of...
genome that is subsequently filled in to form a covalently closed circle (cccDNA) that serves as a template for production of viral mRNAs and a subgenomic...
stranded viral DNA, which is then made fully double stranded (by host DNA polymerases) and transformed into covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) that serves...
viral polymerase and transformed into covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). This cccDNA serves as a template for transcription of four viral mRNAs by...
ligates the DNA so that it becomes covalently closed circular DNA, or cccDNA. The cccDNA then binds nucleosomes and acts as the host DNA.[citation needed]...
replicating cells. As HBx is recruited on covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), it decreases levels of histone acetylation by decreasing recruitment...
restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or restrictase is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known...
"Parvulin 14 and Parvulin 17 Bind to HBX and cccDNA and Upregulate Hepatitis B Virus Replication from cccDNA to Virion in an HBX-Dependent Manner". Journal...
macrodomains, within which DNA sites frequently interact, but between which interactions are rare. The condensed and spatially organized DNA forms a helical ellipsoid...
genomic DNA. In this context, the standard genetic code is referred to as translation table 1. It can also be represented in a DNA codon table. The DNA codons...
(Q47157729). Specific and nonhepatotoxic degradation of nuclear hepatitis B virus cccDNA, Science (2014) Living in the liver: hepatic infections, Nature Reviews...
E.; Jantz, Derek; Rhoden Smith, Amy (2022). "Targeting the hepatitis B cccDNA with a sequence-specific ARCUS nuclease to eliminate hepatitis B virus in...
"Parvulin 14 and Parvulin 17 Bind to HBX and cccDNA and Upregulate Hepatitis B Virus Replication from cccDNA to Virion in an HBX-Dependent Manner". Journal...
L L L L L L L CCT P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P CCC P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P CCA P P P P P P P P...
U-G basepair. Neutral theory of molecular evolution "The Information in DNA Determines Cellular Function via Translation | Learn Science at Scitable"...
Weisburg WG, Barns SM, Pelletier DA, Lane DJ (January 1991). "16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study". Journal of Bacteriology. 173 (2):...
transported to the host cell nucleus, the virion DNA will be converted into covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA, the template for the transcription of the...
host the England cricket team, Lord's (home of Middlesex C.C.C.) and the Oval (home of Surrey C.C.C.). Lord's has hosted four finals of the Cricket World...
analyzed three CCC individuals buried at Kudruküla as belonging to Y-hg R1a5-YP1272 (R1a1b~ after ISOGG 2020), along with three mtDNA samples of mt-hg...
is used to make SAMe. SAMe is the universal methyl donor and is used for DNA methylation and to make phospholipid membranes, choline, sphingomyelin, acetylcholine...
Illuminati, Volume II: The Time of Revelation and Tribulation Leading Up to 2020. CCC Publishing. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-888729-62-7. Archived from the original on...
eight B vitamins. It is required by animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. It is important...
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