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Catalytic cycle information


In chemistry, a catalytic cycle is a multistep reaction mechanism that involves a catalyst.[1] The catalytic cycle is the main method for describing the role of catalysts in biochemistry, organometallic chemistry, bioinorganic chemistry, materials science, etc.

Since catalysts are regenerated, catalytic cycles are usually written as a sequence of chemical reactions in the form of a loop. In such loops, the initial step entails binding of one or more reactants by the catalyst, and the final step is the release of the product and regeneration of the catalyst. Articles on the Monsanto process, the Wacker process, and the Heck reaction show catalytic cycles.

Catalytic cycle for conversion of A and B into C

A catalytic cycle is not necessarily a full reaction mechanism. For example, it may be that the intermediates have been detected, but it is not known by which mechanisms the actual elementary reactions occur.

  1. ^ Kinetics of catalytic reactions 2005 M. Albert Vannice

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Catalytic cycle

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In chemistry, a catalytic cycle is a multistep reaction mechanism that involves a catalyst. The catalytic cycle is the main method for describing the...

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CNO cycle

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reaction, which consumes all its constituents, the CNO cycle is a catalytic cycle. In the CNO cycle, four protons fuse, using carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen...

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Monsanto process

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undergoes reductive elimination to release acetyl iodide (CH3C(O)I). The catalytic cycle involves two non-organometallic steps: conversion of methanol to methyl...

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DNA gyrase

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second ATP returns the system to the initial step of a cycle. As the result of a catalytic cycle two ATP molecules are hydrolyzed and two negative supercoils...

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Cytochrome P450

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{F} - [RKHPT] - {P} - C - [LIVMFAP] - [GAD]. In general, the P450 catalytic cycle proceeds as follows: Substrate binds in proximity to the heme group...

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Catalysis

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the true catalytic cycle. Precatalysts are easier to store but are easily activated in situ. Because of this preactivation step, many catalytic reactions...

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Catechol oxidase

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crystal structure of catechol oxidase purified from Ipomoea batatas. The catalytic cycle begins with the catechol oxidase in its native oxidized Cu(II)-Cu(II)...

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Suzuki reaction

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perspective of the palladium catalyst. The catalytic cycle is initiated by the formation of an active Pd0 catalytic species, A. This participates in the oxidative...

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Heck reaction

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carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction that followed a Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalytic cycle, the same catalytic cycle that is seen in other Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions...

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Methane monooxygenase

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Methanotrophic bacteria play an essential role of cycling carbon through anaerobic sediments. The chemistry behind the cycling takes a chemically inert hydrocarbon...

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Wacker process

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condition. Almost identical to that of Wacker Process, the proposed catalytic cycle(Figure 1) begins with complexation of PdCl2 and two chloride anions...

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Shell higher olefin process

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The Shell higher olefin process (SHOP) is a chemical process for the production of linear alpha olefins via ethylene oligomerization and olefin metathesis...

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Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation

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(CH3SO2NH2) has been identified as a catalyst to accelerate this step of the catalytic cycle and if frequently used as an additive to allow non-terminal alkene...

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Induction period

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coordinatively unsaturated 14-electron species which can participate in the catalytic cycle: Similarly, for an autocatalytic reaction, where one of the reaction...

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Hydroamination

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and (2) insertion of the alkene into the metal-amide bond. Generic catalytic cycles appear below. Mechanisms are supported by rate studies, isotopic labeling...

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Autocatalysis

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ability to replicate and spread in the population. Assembly theory Catalytic cycle Reaction–diffusion system Morphogenesis "Autocatalytic Reaction". IUPAC...

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Kumada coupling

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to palladium's role in other cross coupling reactions. The proposed catalytic cycle involves both palladium(0) and palladium(II) oxidation states. Initially...

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Hiyama coupling

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or at the same time as the catalytic cycle in the reaction. The mechanism for the Hiyama coupling follows a catalytic cycle, including an A) oxidative...

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Diene

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some cases they serve as placeholder ligands, being removed during a catalytic cycle. For example, the cyclooctadiene ("cod") ligands in bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel(0)...

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Phenylalanine hydroxylase

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coordinated water molecules are forced out of the active site during the catalytic cycle while BH4 becomes directly coordinated to iron. As discussed above...

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Catellani reaction

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organoboron reagent to afford the final organic product and close the catalytic cycle. Steps of the Catellani reaction: Oxidative addition Carbopalladation...

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Cativa process

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as propionic acid, and suppresses the water gas shift reaction. The catalytic cycle for the Cativa process, shown above, begins with the reaction of methyl...

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Palladium

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than half the supply of palladium and its congener platinum is used in catalytic converters, which convert as much as 90% of the harmful gases in automobile...

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Murahashi coupling

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catalyst. In 1979, Murahashi published the catalytic version of this reaction. The catalytic cycle of the Murahashi coupling is comparable to that...

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Stille reaction

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mechanism of the Stille reaction has been extensively studied. The catalytic cycle involves an oxidative addition of a halide or pseudohalide (2) to a...

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Catalytic converter

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A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine...

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Sonogashira coupling

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disubstituted alkyne product as well as regenerated Pd0 catalytic species, complete the Pd0 catalytic cycle. It was demonstrated that amines are competitive...

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