In chemistry, a catalytic cycle is a multistep reaction mechanism that involves a catalyst.[1] The catalytic cycle is the main method for describing the role of catalysts in biochemistry, organometallic chemistry, bioinorganic chemistry, materials science, etc.
Since catalysts are regenerated, catalytic cycles are usually written as a sequence of chemical reactions in the form of a loop. In such loops, the initial step entails binding of one or more reactants by the catalyst, and the final step is the release of the product and regeneration of the catalyst. Articles on the Monsanto process, the Wacker process, and the Heck reaction show catalytic cycles.
A catalytic cycle is not necessarily a full reaction mechanism. For example, it may be that the intermediates have been detected, but it is not known by which mechanisms the actual elementary reactions occur.
^Kinetics of catalytic reactions 2005 M. Albert Vannice
reaction, which consumes all its constituents, the CNO cycle is a catalyticcycle. In the CNO cycle, four protons fuse, using carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen...
undergoes reductive elimination to release acetyl iodide (CH3C(O)I). The catalyticcycle involves two non-organometallic steps: conversion of methanol to methyl...
second ATP returns the system to the initial step of a cycle. As the result of a catalyticcycle two ATP molecules are hydrolyzed and two negative supercoils...
{F} - [RKHPT] - {P} - C - [LIVMFAP] - [GAD]. In general, the P450 catalyticcycle proceeds as follows: Substrate binds in proximity to the heme group...
the true catalyticcycle. Precatalysts are easier to store but are easily activated in situ. Because of this preactivation step, many catalytic reactions...
crystal structure of catechol oxidase purified from Ipomoea batatas. The catalyticcycle begins with the catechol oxidase in its native oxidized Cu(II)-Cu(II)...
perspective of the palladium catalyst. The catalyticcycle is initiated by the formation of an active Pd0 catalytic species, A. This participates in the oxidative...
carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction that followed a Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalyticcycle, the same catalyticcycle that is seen in other Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions...
Methanotrophic bacteria play an essential role of cycling carbon through anaerobic sediments. The chemistry behind the cycling takes a chemically inert hydrocarbon...
condition. Almost identical to that of Wacker Process, the proposed catalyticcycle(Figure 1) begins with complexation of PdCl2 and two chloride anions...
The Shell higher olefin process (SHOP) is a chemical process for the production of linear alpha olefins via ethylene oligomerization and olefin metathesis...
(CH3SO2NH2) has been identified as a catalyst to accelerate this step of the catalyticcycle and if frequently used as an additive to allow non-terminal alkene...
coordinatively unsaturated 14-electron species which can participate in the catalyticcycle: Similarly, for an autocatalytic reaction, where one of the reaction...
and (2) insertion of the alkene into the metal-amide bond. Generic catalyticcycles appear below. Mechanisms are supported by rate studies, isotopic labeling...
ability to replicate and spread in the population. Assembly theory Catalyticcycle Reaction–diffusion system Morphogenesis "Autocatalytic Reaction". IUPAC...
to palladium's role in other cross coupling reactions. The proposed catalyticcycle involves both palladium(0) and palladium(II) oxidation states. Initially...
or at the same time as the catalyticcycle in the reaction. The mechanism for the Hiyama coupling follows a catalyticcycle, including an A) oxidative...
some cases they serve as placeholder ligands, being removed during a catalyticcycle. For example, the cyclooctadiene ("cod") ligands in bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel(0)...
coordinated water molecules are forced out of the active site during the catalyticcycle while BH4 becomes directly coordinated to iron. As discussed above...
organoboron reagent to afford the final organic product and close the catalyticcycle. Steps of the Catellani reaction: Oxidative addition Carbopalladation...
as propionic acid, and suppresses the water gas shift reaction. The catalyticcycle for the Cativa process, shown above, begins with the reaction of methyl...
than half the supply of palladium and its congener platinum is used in catalytic converters, which convert as much as 90% of the harmful gases in automobile...
mechanism of the Stille reaction has been extensively studied. The catalyticcycle involves an oxidative addition of a halide or pseudohalide (2) to a...
A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine...
disubstituted alkyne product as well as regenerated Pd0 catalytic species, complete the Pd0 catalyticcycle. It was demonstrated that amines are competitive...