"Yuca" redirects here. For the flowering shrubs, see Yucca.
Cassava
Tuber (waxed)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Eudicots
Clade:
Rosids
Order:
Malpighiales
Family:
Euphorbiaceae
Genus:
Manihot
Species:
M. esculenta
Binomial name
Manihot esculenta
Crantz[1]
Synonyms[1]
Janipha aipi (Pohl) J.Presl
Janipha manihot (L.) Kunth
Jatropha aipi (Pohl) Göpp.
Jatropha diffusa (Pohl) Steud.
Jatropha digitiformis (Pohl) Steud.
Jatropha dulcis J.F.Gmel.
Jatropha flabellifolia (Pohl) Steud.
Jatropha loureiroi (Pohl) Steud.
Jatropha manihot L.
Jatropha mitis Rottb.
Jatropha paniculata Ruiz & Pav. ex Pax
Jatropha silvestris Vell.
Jatropha stipulata Vell.
Mandioca aipi (Pohl) Link
Mandioca dulcis (J.F.Gmel.) D.Parodi
Mandioca utilissima (Pohl) Link
Manihot aipi Pohl
Manihot aypi Spruce
Manihot cannabina Sweet
Manihot diffusa Pohl
Manihot digitiformis Pohl
Manihot dulcis (J.F.Gmel.) Baill.
Manihot edule A.Rich.
Manihot edulis A.Rich.
Manihot flabellifolia Pohl
Manihot flexuosa Pax & K.Hoffm.
Manihot loureiroi Pohl
Manihot melanobasis Müll. Arg.
Manihot sprucei Pax
Manihot utilissima Pohl
Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava (/kəˈsɑːvə/), manioc,[2]yuca (among numerous regional names) is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America, from Brazil, Paraguay and parts of the Andes. Although a perennial plant, cassava is extensively cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions as an annual crop for its edible starchy root tuber, a major source of carbohydrates. Cassava is predominantly consumed in boiled form, but substantial quantities are processed to extract cassava starch, called tapioca, which is used for food, animal feed, and industrial purposes. The Brazilian farinha, and the related garri of West Africa, is an edible coarse flour obtained by grating cassava roots, pressing moisture off the obtained grated pulp, and finally drying it (and roasting in the case of both farinha and garri).
Cassava is the third-largest source of food carbohydrates in the tropics, after rice and maize.[3][4][5] Cassava is a major staple food in the developing world, providing a basic diet for over half a billion people.[6] It is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, capable of growing on marginal soils. Nigeria is the world's largest producer of cassava, while Thailand is the largest exporter of cassava starch.
Cassava is classified as either sweet or bitter. Like many other roots and tubers, both bitter and sweet varieties of cassava contain antinutritional factors and toxins, with the bitter varieties containing much larger amounts.[7] Cassava must be properly prepared before consumption, as improper preparation can leave enough residual cyanide to cause acute cyanide intoxication,[8][9] goiter, ataxia, partial paralysis, or death.[10][11] The more toxic varieties of cassava have been used in some places as famine food during times of food insecurity.[8][7] Farmers often prefer the bitter varieties because they deter pests, animals, and thieves.[12]
^ ab"Manihot esculenta Crantz, Rei Herb. 1: 167 (1766)". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2022. Archived from the original on 11 November 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
^"Manihot esculenta". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^"Cassava". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Archived from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
^Fauquet Claude; Fargette Denis (1990). "African Cassava Mosaic Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, and Control" (PDF). Plant Disease. 74 (6). American Phytopathological Society (APS): 404–11. doi:10.1094/pd-74-0404. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
^Afedraru, Lominda (31 January 2019). "Uganda to launch innovative gene-edited cassava research". Alliance for Science. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
^"Dimensions of Need: An atlas of food and agriculture". United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 1995. Archived from the original on 24 November 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
^ ab"Ch. 7 Toxic substances and antinutritional factors". Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1990. ISBN 9789251028629.
^ ab"CASSAVA POISONING – VENEZUELA". ProMED-mail. 29 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
^"Cassava poisoning was integral to Episode 177 of Series 17 of the BBC drama 'Doctors'". BBC. 5 February 2016. Archived from the original on 8 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
^Soto-Blanco, Benito; Górniak, Silvana Lima (1 July 2010). "Toxic effects of prolonged administration of leaves of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to goats". Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology. 62 (4): 361–366. doi:10.1016/j.etp.2009.05.011. ISSN 0940-2993. PMID 19559583.
^Suharti, Sri; Oktafiani, Hafni; Sudarman, Asep; Baik, Myunggi; Wiryawan, Komang Gede (1 December 2021). "Effect of cyanide-degrading bacteria inoculation on performance, rumen fermentation characteristics of sheep fed bitter cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaf meal". Annals of Agricultural Sciences. 66 (2): 131–136. doi:10.1016/j.aoas.2021.09.001. ISSN 0570-1783. S2CID 244191058.
^Chiwona-Karltun, Linley; Katundu, Chrissie; Ngoma, James; Chipungu, Felistus; Mkumbira, Jonathan; Simukoko, Sidney; Jiggins, Janice (2002). "Bitter cassava and women: an intriguing response to food security". LEISA Magazine. 18 (4). Archived from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava (/kəˈsɑːvə/), manioc, yuca (among numerous regional names) is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae...
(/ˌtæpiˈoʊkə/; Portuguese: [tapiˈɔkɐ]) is a starch extracted from the tubers of the cassava plant (Manihot esculenta, also known as manioc), a species native to the...
Sombe also known as Cassava leaves stew is a type of stew native to the Bakonzo in Uganda and also in the Eastern DRC, Burudians, Banyarwanda. It is traditionally...
mixing and pounding equal portions of boiled cassava with green plantain or cocoyam, or by mixing cassava/plantains or cocoyam flour with water and stirring...
genus Begomovirus. African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV), and South African cassava mosaic virus (SACMV) are distinct...
Cassava cake is a traditional Filipino moist cake made from grated cassava, coconut milk, and condensed milk with a custard layer on top. It is a very...
Yellow cassava is a new, yellow-fleshed breed of one of the most popular root crops in the tropics. Regular cassava is a staple crop in tropical countries...
This article is a list of diseases of cassava (Manihot esculenta). Viruses are a severe problem in the tropics. Viruses are the primary reason for the...
highest energy content per acre is cassava, which grows in tropical countries. Thailand already had a large cassava industry in the 1990s, for use as cattle...
Kabkab, also known as cassava cracker or cassava crisp, is a traditional Filipino disc-shaped wafer made from ground cassava. It originates from the southern...
Filipino baked rice cakes products, for example, those made with cassava flour (bibingkang cassava / bibingkang kamoteng kahoy), glutinous rice (bibingkang malagkit)...
Cassava Sciences is an American pharmaceutical company based in Austin, Texas. The company was founded in 1998 by chief executive officer and president...
African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV, ICTV approved acronym) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Geminiviridae that may cause either a mosaic appearance...
village level into typical cassava products such as gari, cassava dough, cassava chips (konkonte) or as fufu. The cassava is usually processed because...
edible translucent sphere produced from tapioca, a starch made from the cassava root. They originated as a cheaper alternative to sago in Southeast Asian...
cuisine. The typical staple foods in the southern part of Ghana include cassava and plantain. In the north, the main staple foods include millet and sorghum...
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) production is vital to the economy of Nigeria as the country is the world's largest producer of the commodity. The crop is...
causes bacterial blight of cassava. Originally discovered in Brazil in 1912, the disease has followed the cultivation of cassava across the world. Among...
kaschiri and cassava beer, is an alcoholic drink made from cassava by Amerindians in Venezuela, Suriname and Guyana. The roots of the cassava plant are grated...
are similar in appearance to the pearled starches of other origin, e.g. cassava starch (tapioca) and potato starch. They may be used interchangeably in...
addition to hops) Cauim (made from cassava or maize) Cheongju (Korean, made from rice) Chicha (made from cassava, maize root, grape, apple or other fruits)...
Cassava brown streak virus disease (CBSD) is a damaging disease of cassava plants, and is especially troublesome in East Africa. It was first identified...
is a side dish made from cassava that is popular and traditional in Ivory Coast. The dish is prepared from fermented cassava pulp that has been grated...
without it. Another popular staple food is cassava, which is pounded to make fufu; the leaves of the cassava are formed into a green stew. Palm oil and...
Cassareep is a thick black liquid made from cassava root, often with additional spices, which is used as a base for many sauces and especially in Guyanese...
Cassava Republic Press is a steering African book publishing company established in Nigeria in 2006 and headed by Bibi Bakare-Yusuf, with a focus on affordability...
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