Determining heat transfer in a system by measuring its other properties
Not to be confused with colorimetry.
The world’s first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782–83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine the heat involved in various chemical changes; calculations which were based on Joseph Black’s prior discovery of latent heat. These experiments mark the foundation of thermochemistry.Snellen direct calorimetry chamber, University of Ottawa[1]Indirect calorimetry metabolic cart measuring oxygen uptake and CO2 production of a spontaneously breathing subject (dilution method with canopy hood)
In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. Scottish physician and scientist Joseph Black, who was the first to recognize the distinction between heat and temperature, is said to be the founder of the science of calorimetry.[2]
Indirect calorimetry calculates heat that living organisms produce by measuring either their production of carbon dioxide and nitrogen waste (frequently ammonia in aquatic organisms, or urea in terrestrial ones), or from their consumption of oxygen.
Lavoisier noted in 1780 that heat production can be predicted from oxygen consumption this way, using multiple regression. The dynamic energy budget theory explains why this procedure is correct. Heat generated by living organisms may also be measured by direct calorimetry, in which the entire organism is placed inside the calorimeter for the measurement.
A widely used modern instrument is the differential scanning calorimeter, a device which allows thermal data to be obtained on small amounts of material. It involves heating the sample at a controlled rate and recording the heat flow either into or from the specimen.
^Reardon, Francis D.; Leppik, Kalle E.; Wegmann, René; Webb, Paul; Ducharme, Miche B.; & Kenny, Glen P. (2006). The Snellen human calorimeter revisited, re-engineered and upgraded: design and performance characteristics. Med Bio Eng Comput, 44:721–728.
^Laidler, Keith, J. (1993). The World of Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-855919-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes...
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature...
Indirect calorimetry calculates heat that living organisms produce by measuring either their production of carbon dioxide and nitrogen waste (frequently...
In chemical thermodynamics, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a physical technique used to determine the thermodynamic parameters of interactions...
absorbed (endothermic) by a chemical reaction.[citation needed] Heat flow calorimetry measures the heat flowing across the reactor wall and quantifying this...
process. This is the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics. Calorimetry is measurement of quantity of energy transferred as heat by its effect...
The Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf...
A calorimeter is a device used for calorimetry, or the process of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity...
change in the water surrounding the apparatus, a method known as direct calorimetry. However, the direct calorimetric method generally overestimates the...
Heat production or absorption in a chemical reaction is measured using calorimetry, e.g. with a bomb calorimeter. One common laboratory instrument is the...
BMR may be measured by gas analysis through either direct or indirect calorimetry, though a rough estimation can be acquired through an equation using...
all measurements or estimates of daily energy expenditure. Indirect calorimetry is the study or clinical use of the relationship between respirometry...
a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to...
data. A much longer paper published a year later went into details of calorimetry but did not include any nuclear measurements. Nevertheless, Fleischmann...
Société chimique de France, the International Society for Biological Calorimetry, and the DuPont company He is also commemorated by the Franklin-Lavoisier...
listed among the products of the reaction. Calorimetry Chemical thermodynamics Differential scanning calorimetry Endergonic Endergonic reaction Exergonic...
Nicolas Clément, as a unit of heat energy, in lectures on experimental calorimetry during the years 1819–1824. This was the "large" calorie. The term (written...
be used to determine the chemical composition. Differential scanning calorimetry is used to characterize the thermal properties of polymers, such as the...
The method of sorption calorimetry is designed for studies of hydration of complex organic and biological materials. It has been applied for studies of...
standard Gibbs free energy of formation can be calculated. Thermochemistry Calorimetry M. W. Chase, NIST – JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 4th Edition, Journal...
perturbation calorimetry (PPC) is a technique closely related to isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In brief...
R. (France, Chairman); et al. (1999-06-14). "Reference materials for calorimetry and differential thermal analysis". Thermochimica Acta. 331 (2): 93–204...
Scottish chemist Joseph Black. Black used the term in the context of calorimetry where a heat transfer caused a volume change in a body while its temperature...
thermometers are of the empirically based kind. Especially, it was used for calorimetry, which contributed greatly to the discovery of thermodynamics. Nevertheless...
illustrates the production of compounds. Self-consistence photopyroelectric calorimetry for liquids This photopyroelectric also demonstrate that the front photopyroelectric...
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