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Bitter taste evolution information


The evolution of bitter taste receptors has been one of the most dynamic evolutionary adaptations to arise in multiple species. This phenomenon has been widely studied in the field of evolutionary biology because of its role in the identification of toxins often found on the leaves of inedible plants. A palate more sensitive to these bitter tastes would, theoretically, have an advantage over members of the population less sensitive to these poisonous substances because they would be much less likely to ingest toxic plants. Bitter-taste genes have been found in a host of vertebrates, including sharks and rays,[1] and the same genes have been well characterized in several common laboratory animals such as primates and mice, as well as in humans. The primary gene responsible for encoding this ability in humans is the TAS2R gene family which contains 25 functional loci as well as 11 pseudogenes. The development of this gene has been well characterized, with proof that the ability evolved before the human migration out of Africa.[2] The gene continues to evolve in the present day.

  1. ^ Itoigawa, Akihiro; Toda, Yasuka; Kuraku, Shigehiro; Ishimaru, Yoshiro (2024-04-08). "Evolutionary origins of bitter taste receptors in jawed vertebrates". Current Biology. 34 (7): R271–R272. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.024.
  2. ^ Davide Risso; Sergio Tofanelli; Gabriella Morini; Donata Luiselli & Dennis Drayna (2014). "Genetic variation in taste receptor pseudogenes provides evidence for a dynamic role in human evolution". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 198. Bibcode:2014BMCEE..14..198R. doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0198-8. PMC 4172856. PMID 25216916.

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Bitter taste evolution

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PMID 7626029. Fischer A, Gilad Y, Man O, Pääbo S (March 2005). "Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes". Mol. Biol. Evol. 22 (3): 432–6...

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LB, Drayna D (Apr 2004). "Natural selection and molecular evolution in PTC, a bitter-taste receptor gene". American Journal of Human Genetics. 74 (4):...

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oil, is prepared from either sweet or bitter almonds, and is a glyceryl oleate with a slight odour and a nutty taste. It is almost insoluble in alcohol but...

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vary in color and, unlike D. carota subsp. sativus, has a thin root, bitter taste and are not edible. The middle umbellet of D. carota subsp. carota is...

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the monks produced an elixir of herbs that was pleasant despite being "bitter", and was popularly thought to possess tonic and therapeutic properties...

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defense mechanism, cucumbers produce cucurbitacin C, which causes a bitter taste in some cucumber varieties. This potential mechanism is under preliminary...

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awapuhi (from Hawaiian: ʻawapuhi spelled with an ʻokina, doublet of ʻawa), bitter ginger, shampoo ginger, lempoyang (from Malay) and pinecone ginger. The...

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a taste for the strong, pungent wine and continued to produce resinated wine long after the Western Roman Empire stopped. The difference in taste between...

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corresponding amino acids, and are the major source of the bitter taste of roasted coffee. The bitter flavor of diketopiperazines is perceptible at around 20 mg/liter...

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exceptionally malty taste accented by sweet malty undertones due to the heavy concentration of esters. Generally low in bitterness, it exhibits a deep...

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bitter tastes. Their taste buds possess the receptors needed to detect umami. However, these receptors contain molecular changes that make cat taste umami...

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