Prunus dulcis var. spontanea (Korsh.) Buchheim, 1972
Prunus intermedia A.Sav., 1882
Prunus stocksiana (Boiss.) Brandis, 1906
Trichocarpus Neck., 1790
The almond (Prunus amygdalus, syn. Prunus dulcis) is a species of tree from the genus Prunus cultivated worldwide for its seed, a culinary nut.[4] Along with the peach, it is classified in the subgenus Amygdalus, distinguished from the other subgenera by corrugations on the shell (endocarp) surrounding the seed.[5]
The fruit of the almond is a drupe, consisting of an outer hull and a hard shell with the seed, which is not a true nut.[4]Shelling almonds refers to removing the shell to reveal the seed. Almonds are sold shelled or unshelled. Blanched almonds are shelled almonds that have been treated with hot water to soften the seedcoat, which is then removed to reveal the white embryo. Once almonds are cleaned and processed, they can be stored over time. Almonds are used in many cuisines, often featuring prominently in desserts, such as marzipan.[4]
The almond tree prospers in a moderate Mediterranean climate with cool winter weather.[4] Native to Iran and surrounding countries,[6] including the Levant, today it is rarely found wild in its original setting.[7] Almonds were one of the earliest domesticated fruit trees, due to the ability to produce quality offspring entirely from seed, without using suckers and cuttings. Evidence of domesticated almonds in the Early Bronze Age has been found in the archeological sites of the Middle East, and subsequently across the Mediterranean region and similar arid climates with cool winters.
California produces about 80% of the world's almond supply.[4] Due to high acreage and water demand for almond cultivation, and need for pesticides, California almond production may be unsustainable, especially during the persistent drought and heat from climate change in the 21st century.[8] Droughts in California have caused some producers to leave the industry, leading to lower supply and increased prices.[8]
^illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen, 1897
^"Prunus amygdalus Batsch". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
^"The Plant List, Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb". Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
^ abcdePetruzzello M (11 April 2024). "Almond - tree and nut". Encyclopedia Brittanica. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
^"Almond Tree – Learn About Nature". 27 July 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
^"BĀDĀM – Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 25 May 2019. The Amygdalus communis (or Prunus amygdalus), though undoubtedly native to the Iranian land-mass, is seldom found in natural stands there today.
^G. Ladizinsky (1999). "On the origin of almond". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 46 (2): 143–147. doi:10.1023/A:1008690409554. S2CID 25141013.
^ ab"Climate Change In California Is Threatening The World's Top Almond Producer". NPR. Associated Press. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
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