Series of chemical reactions resulting in a cell response
A biochemical cascade, also known as a signaling cascade or signaling pathway, is a series of chemical reactions that occur within a biological cell when initiated by a stimulus. This stimulus, known as a first messenger, acts on a receptor that is transduced to the cell interior through second messengers which amplify the signal and transfer it to effector molecules, causing the cell to respond to the initial stimulus.[1] Most biochemical cascades are series of events, in which one event triggers the next, in a linear fashion. At each step of the signaling cascade, various controlling factors are involved to regulate cellular actions, in order to respond effectively to cues about their changing internal and external environments.[1]
An example would be the coagulation cascade of secondary hemostasis which leads to fibrin formation, and thus, the initiation of blood coagulation. Another example, sonic hedgehog signaling pathway, is one of the key regulators of embryonic development and is present in all bilaterians.[2] Signaling proteins give cells information to make the embryo develop properly. When the pathway malfunctions, it can result in diseases like basal cell carcinoma.[3] Recent studies point to the role of hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target hedgehog signaling to fight diseases are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.
^ abBastien D. Gomperts; Peter E.R. Tatham; Ijsbrand M. Kramer (2004). Signal transduction (Pbk. ed., [Nachdr.]. ed.). Amsterdam [u.a.]: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN 978-0122896323.
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
and 29 Related for: Biochemical cascade information
A biochemicalcascade, also known as a signaling cascade or signaling pathway, is a series of chemical reactions that occur within a biological cell when...
(or signal sensing) in a receptor give rise to a biochemicalcascade, which is a chain of biochemical events known as a signaling pathway. When signaling...
waterfalls Cascade, the CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense (a protein complex) Cascade (grape), a type of fruit Biochemicalcascade, a series...
When the brain is denied adequate blood flow, a biochemicalcascade known as the ischemic cascade is unleashed, and may ultimately lead to brain cell...
osteoporosis, a fracture cascade is the increased risk of subsequent bone fractures after an initial one. Biochemicalcascades exist in biology, where...
oxygen and glucose. The biochemicalcascade resulting from ischemia and involving excitotoxicity is called the ischemic cascade. Because of the events...
to pain. In addition to cell-derived mediators, several acellular biochemicalcascade systems—consisting of preformed plasma proteins—act in parallel to...
cells to attack and phagocytose them. The complement system is a biochemicalcascade of the innate immune system that helps clear pathogens from an organism...
relatively simple molecule, and the child's immune system may trigger a biochemicalcascade (complement system) to produce other stress-reducing compounds. Usog...
that axons are not typically torn upon impact; rather, secondary biochemicalcascades, which occur in response to the primary injury (which occurs as the...
to 10 ml per 100 g per minute. In brain tissue, a biochemicalcascade known as the ischemic cascade is triggered when the tissue becomes ischemic, potentially...
The ischemic (ischaemic) cascade is a series of biochemical reactions that are initiated in the brain and other aerobic tissues after seconds to minutes...
inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. The complement system is a biochemicalcascade that attacks the surfaces of foreign cells. It contains over 20 different...
dysfunction of involved organs/tissues. The complement system is a biochemicalcascade of the immune system that helps, or "complements", the ability of...
Macfarlane RG (May 1964). "An enzyme cascade in the blood clotting mechanism, and its function as a biochemical amplifier". Nature. 202 (4931): 498–499...
disruption increases sundowning behaviors. In humans, sunset triggers a biochemicalcascade that involves a reduction of dopamine levels and a shift towards...
hematomas and ischemia, which can in turn lead to a biochemicalcascade called the ischemic cascade. The injury in penetrating brain trauma is mostly focal...
The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the immune system that enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic...
release caspase activators that trigger the cell-death-inducing biochemicalcascade. As such, the cell suicide mechanism is now crucial to all of our...
inner membrane protein, the inner membrane proteins gives rise to a biochemicalcascade that transmits signals to the periplasmic membrane protein and outer...
solution to the in vitro testing failures. Vane and Piper tested the biochemicalcascade associated with anaphylactic shock (in extracts from guinea pig lungs...
differentiation therapy and Protein kinase C (PKC), signal transduction and biochemicalcascades; tests on HL60 did not work; another compound was suberic bishydroxamic...
(ADCY), protein kinase A (PKA), and phosphodiesterases. Through this biochemicalcascade, a pregnant individual is prepared for childbearing. Vaginal mucus...
retinal chromophore (each bound to an opsin), which initiates a signal cascade through several intermediate cells, then through the retinal ganglion cells...
been shown in studies that activation of the MRN complex and ATM biochemicalcascade is consistent for a resulting HSV-1 infection. When there is an HSV-1...
protein phosphorylation cascades mediated by Ras/Rho proteins in the mammalian cell: the potential for multiplex signalling". Biochemical Journal. 318 (3):...
death — and activate important extracellular episodes, such as the biochemicalcascade effect in blood clotting. Life could not exist without them. Extensive...
person does not get enough oxygen. After stroke, an ischemic cascade, a set of biochemicalcascades takes place. Since primary injury occurs at the moment of...
of glutamate acts as a toxin to neurons by triggering a number of biochemicalcascades. The activity of glutamate transporters also allows glutamate to...