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Bhakti yoga (Sanskrit: भक्ति योग), also called Bhakti marga (भक्ति मार्ग, literally the path of bhakti), is a spiritual path or spiritual practice within Hinduism focused on loving devotion towards any personal deity.[1][2] It is one of the three classical paths in Hinduism which lead to moksha, the other paths being jnana yoga and karma yoga.
The tradition has ancient roots. Bhakti is mentioned in the Shvetashvatara Upanishad where it simply means participation, devotion and love for any endeavor.[3][4] Bhakti yoga as one of three spiritual paths for salvation is discussed in depth by the Bhagavad Gita.[5][6][7]
The personal god varies with the devotee.[8][9] It may include a god or goddess such as Ganesha, Krishna, Radha, Rama, Sita, Vishnu, Shiva, Shakti, Lakshmi, Saraswati, Parvati, Durga, and Surya among others.
The bhakti marga involving these deities grew with the bhakti movement, starting about the mid-1st millennium CE, from Tamil Nadu in South India. The movement was led by the Saiva Nayanars[10] and the Vaisnava Alvars. Their ideas and practices inspired bhakti poetry and devotion throughout India over the 12th-18th century CE.[11][10] Bhakti marga is a part of the religious practice in Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism.[12][13][14]
^Karen Pechelis (2014), The Embodiment of Bhakti, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195351903, pages 19-24
^Cutler, Norman (1987). Songs of Experience. Indiana University Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-0-253-35334-4.
^Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814684, page 326
^Max Muller, Shvetashvatara Upanishad, The Upanishads, Part II, Oxford University Press, page 267
^John Lochtefeld (2014), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Rosen Publishing New York, ISBN 978-0823922871, pages 98-100, also see articles on bhaktimārga and jnanamārga
^Klostermaier, Klaus (1989). A survey of Hinduism. SUNY Press. pp. 210–212. ISBN 978-0-88706-807-2.
^Karen Pechelis (2014), The Embodiment of Bhakti, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195351903, pages 14-15, 37-38
^Bhakti, Encyclopedia Britannica (2009)
^Karen Pechelis (2011), Bhakti Traditions, in The Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies (Editors: Jessica Frazier, Gavin Flood), Bloomsbury, ISBN 978-0826499660, pages 107-121
^ abEmbree, Ainslie Thomas; Stephen N. Hay; William Theodore De Bary (1988). Sources of Indian Tradition. Columbia University Press. p. 342. ISBN 978-0-231-06651-8.
^Flood, Gavin (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press. pp. 131. ISBN 978-0-521-43878-0.
^Rinehart, Robin (2004). Contemporary Hinduism: ritual, culture, and practice. ABC-CLIO. pp. 45, 51. ISBN 978-1-57607-905-8.
^Cite error: The named reference Brannigan2010p18 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Samrat S Kumar (2010). Bhakti – The Yoga of Love: Trans-Rational Approaches to Peace Studies. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 35–37 with footnotes. ISBN 978-3-643-50130-1.
Bhaktiyoga (Sanskrit: भक्ति योग), also called Bhakti marga (भक्ति मार्ग, literally the path of bhakti), is a spiritual path or spiritual practice within...
liberation, salvation) in Hinduism, and it is referred to as bhakti marga or bhaktiyoga. The other paths are Jnana marga (path of knowledge), Karma marga...
"yoga of action", the others being Jnana yoga (path of knowledge), Rāja yoga (path of meditation) and Bhaktiyoga (path of loving devotion to a personal...
The other two are karma yoga (path of action, karma-mārga) and bhaktiyoga (path of loving devotion to a personal god, bhakti-mārga). Modern interpretations...
theistic bhakti, and the yogic ideal of moksha. The text covers Jñāna, Bhakti, Karma, and Rāja yogas, while incorporating ideas from the Samkhya-Yoga philosophy...
everything, describes bhaktiyoga and loving devotion, as one of the several paths to the highest spiritual attainments. The Bhakti movement originated...
its essence. Described in the Bhagavad Gita, bhaktiyoga is the path of love and devotion. On bhaktiyoga: ".... those who, renouncing all actions in Me...
(Karma-mārga) BhaktiYoga or the Path of Devotion (Bhakti-mārga) to Ishvar (God) Jnana Yoga or the Path of Knowledge (Jñāna-mārga) A "fourth yoga" is sometimes...
The focus of Gaudiya Vaishnavism is the devotional worship (known as bhaktiyoga) of Radha and Krishna, and their many divine incarnations as the supreme...
combining a vigorous yoga as exercise, vinyasa-based physical style with adherence to five central tenets: shastra (scripture), bhakti (devotion), ahimsā...
details the process of devotion (Bhakti), or Bhaktiyoga and is thus of particular importance to many of the Bhakti movements within Hinduism. It has...
traditional yoga practice (including meditation), it introduces three significant types of yoga: Karma yoga: yoga of action Bhaktiyoga: yoga of devotion...
approaches, Kundalini Yoga can be understood as a tri-fold approach of Bhaktiyoga for devotion, Shakti yoga for power, and Raja yoga for mental power and...
interwoven, and non-linear dialogues, teachings, and explanations espousing BhaktiYoga that go back and forth in time: We have alluded to the Bhagavata's identity...
practices vegetarianism and was initially formed to spread the practice of Bhaktiyoga. Its followers, called bhaktas, dedicate both their thoughts and actions...
understanding, and knowledge. Dakshinamurti represents Shiva as a teacher of yoga, music, and wisdom, offering an exposition of the Shastras. He is worshipped...
ritual feast during which a sacramental meal is offered Guru yoga and Guru devotion (bhakti) Mandalas and Yantras, symbolic diagrams of forces at work in...
and Islamic rule of the Indian subcontinent, the Bhakti movement and devotionalism-oriented Bhaktiyoga had emerged as a major trend in Hindu culture by...
recollections. In Hinduism, bhaktiyoga is focused on God (Ishvara), whether understood as Vishnu, Shiva or Devi. This yoga includes listening to scripture...
mārga is Jñāna Yoga, the way of knowledge. The second mārga is BhaktiYoga, the way of loving devotion to God. The third mārga is Karma Yoga, the way of...
The four classical paths of yoga consist of Karma Yoga, BhaktiYoga, Raja Yoga and Jnana Yoga. These are Proper Exercise (āsana), Proper Breathing (prāṇāyāma)...
other farmers. Many of the prominent thinkers and earliest champions of the Bhakti movement were Brahmins, a movement that encouraged a direct relationship...
Gujarat: A Legacy of Bhakti in Songs and Stories. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-997642-3. Singleton, Mark (2010). Yoga Body: The Origins of Modern...
Vaishnavism (a.k.a. the Brahma-Madhva-Gaudiya Sampradaya). He expounded Bhaktiyoga and popularised the chanting of the Hare Krishna Maha-mantra. He composed...
religious practices include devotion (bhakti), worship (puja), sacrificial rites (yajña), and meditation (dhyāna) and yoga. While the traditional Itihasa-Purana...
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