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The Vaishnavite Saint Nammalvar. He is one of the most prominent of the 12 Alvars of the Vaishnavism Bhakti movement.
The Bhakti movement was a significant religious movement in medieval Hinduism[1] that sought to bring religious reforms to all strata of society by adopting the method of devotion to achieve salvation.[2] Originating in Tamilakam during 6th century CE,[3][4][5][6] it gained prominence through the poems and teachings of the Vaishnava Alvars and Shaiva Nayanars before spreading northwards.[1] It swept over east and north India from the 15th century onwards, reaching its zenith between the 15th and 17th century CE.[7]
The Bhakti movement regionally developed around different gods and goddesses, and some sub-sects were Vaishnavism (Vishnu), Shaivism (Shiva), Shaktism (Shakti goddesses), and Smartism.[8][9][10] Bhakti movement preached using the local languages so that the message reached the masses. The movement was inspired by many poet-saints, who championed a wide range of philosophical positions ranging from theistic dualism of Dvaita to absolute monism of Advaita Vedanta.[11][12]
The movement has traditionally been considered an influential social reformation in Hinduism in that it provided an individual-focused alternative path to spirituality regardless of one's birth or gender.[7] Contemporary scholars question whether the Bhakti movement ever was a reform or rebellion of any kind.[13] They suggest the Bhakti movement was a revival, reworking, and recontextualization of ancient Vedic traditions.[14]
^ abSchomer & McLeod (1987), p. 1.
^India Today Web Desk New (24 January 2019). "CBSE Class 12 History #CrashCourse: Bhakti movement's emergence and influence". India Today.
^Pillai, P. Govinda (4 October 2022). "Chapter 11". The Bhakti Movement: Renaissance or Revivalism?. Taylor & Francis. pp. Thirdly, the movement had blossomed first down south or the Tamil country. ISBN 978-1-000-78039-0.
^Hawley 2015, p. 87.
^Padmaja, T. (2002). Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamil nāḍu. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-398-4.
^Nair, Rukmini Bhaya; de Souza, Peter Ronald (20 February 2020). Keywords for India: A Conceptual Lexicon for the 21st Century. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-350-03925-4.
^ abSchomer & McLeod (1987), pp. 1–2.
^Lance Nelson (2007), An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies (Editors: Orlando O. Espín, James B. Nickoloff), Liturgical Press, ISBN 978-0814658567, pages 562-563
^SS Kumar (2010), Bhakti – the Yoga of Love, LIT Verlag Münster, ISBN 978-3643501301, pages 35-36
^Wendy Doniger (2009), "Bhakti", Encyclopædia BritannicaJohar, Surinder (1999). Guru Gobind Singh: A Multi-faceted Personality. MD Publications. p. 89. ISBN 978-8-175-33093-1.
^Schomer & McLeod (1987), p. 2.
^Christian Novetzke (2007). "Bhakti and Its Public". International Journal of Hindu Studies. 11 (3): 255–272. doi:10.1007/s11407-008-9049-9. JSTOR 25691067. S2CID 144065168.
The Bhaktimovement was a significant religious movement in medieval Hinduism that sought to bring religious reforms to all strata of society by adopting...
for example, is a Krishna-related text associated with the Bhaktimovement in Hinduism. Bhakti is also found in other religions practiced in India, and...
Bhakti yoga (Sanskrit: भक्ति योग), also called Bhakti marga (भक्ति मार्ग, literally the path of bhakti), is a spiritual path or spiritual practice within...
the prominent thinkers and earliest champions of the Bhaktimovement were Brahmins, a movement that encouraged a direct relationship of an individual...
North India was under Muslim rule, the Bhaktimovement swept through Central and Northern India. The Bhaktimovement actually started in the eighth century...
Shaivism and Vaishnavism developed during this same period through the Bhaktimovement. The period from roughly 650 to 1100 CE forms the late Classical period...
Ideas about Vishnu in the mid 1st millennium CE were important to the Bhaktimovement theology that ultimately swept India after the 12th century. The Alvars...
period. In medieval Hinduism, the Bhaktimovement advocated the concept of a personal god or Supreme Personality. The movement, begun by the Alvars of South...
bhakti) as Bhagavan, Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is source of both Paramatma and Brahman (personal, impersonal, or both). The Bhaktimovement...
proto-Kathak elements can be seen long before, Kathak evolved during the Bhaktimovement, particularly by incorporating the childhood and stories of the Hindu...
of Vishnu (often Krishna), and as such was key to the spread of the Bhaktimovement in Indian subcontinent in the 2nd millennium CE. It has four Vedanta-schools...
confirming that she was widely known and a cherished figure in the Bhaktimovement by about 1600. Most legends about Mirabai mention her fearless disregard...
Himself). These sub-traditions arose in the context of the medieval era Bhaktimovement. Krishna-related literature has inspired numerous performance arts...
Pandurang Shastri Athavale (1920-2003), the movement emphasizes self-study (swadhyaya), selfless devotion (bhakti) and application of Indian scriptures such...
connection with both the physical and the cosmic elements. Figures from the Bhaktimovement, such as Samarth Ramdas, have portrayed Hanuman as an emblem of nationalism...
mystics spearheaded the Bhaktimovement in the North while Annamacharya, Bhadrachala Ramadas, Tyagaraja, and others propagated Bhakti in the South. They taught...
the epic story in a Bhaktimovement framework, wherein the original legends and ideas morph in an expression of spiritual bhakti (devotional love) for...
Ravidas or Raidas (1267–1335) was an Indian mystic poet-saint of the Bhaktimovement during the 15th to 16th century CE. Venerated as a guru (spiritual...
teachings of Manavala Mamunigal. The Alvars, the Tamil poet-saints of the Bhaktimovement, belonged to and are revered in this tradition. Ramanandi Sampradaya...
The Narada Bhakti Sutra (IAST: Nārada Bhakti Sūtra) is a well known sutra venerated within the traditions of Hinduism, reportedly spoken by the famous...
Ramcharitmanas, a Bhaktimovement reworking of the Sanskrit Ramayana, in Varanasi. Several other major figures of the Bhaktimovement were born in Varanasi...
his non-violent movement, read and translated Tukaram's poetry along with Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita and poems by other Bhaktimovement poet-saints. Saintliness...
poet-saint from Prayagraj (Allahabad), India, a religious poet of the BhaktiMovement. These Compositions are most famous: Ratna khan, Maluk Shatak and Gyan...
regnal year (1723 CE). The Kayasthas also became a part of the larger Bhaktimovement in northern India. Dhruvadasa (d. 1643), a Kayastha from Deoband (Uttar...
'The one who performs the Wari') is a sampradaya (religious movement) within the bhakti spiritual tradition of Hinduism, geographically associated with...
suggests he was one of the earliest saints and a pioneering figure of the Bhaktimovement as it rapidly grew in North India, sometime between the 14th and mid-15th...
Kumbhar (also known as Goroba) was a Hindu sant associated with the Bhaktimovement and the Varkari sect of Maharashtra, India. He was a potter by trade...
adds that the presumed unauthentic poems nevertheless belong to the Bhaktimovement in medieval India and may have been composed by admirers of Kabir who...
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