Spiritual liberation, soteriological goal in Hinduism
For other uses, see Moksha (disambiguation).
Translations of Moksha
English
Emancipation, liberation, release
Sanskrit
मोक्ष (IAST: mokṣa)
Assamese
মোক্ষ (mokkho)
Bengali
মোক্ষ (mokkho)
Hindi
मोक्ष (moksh)
Javanese
ꦩꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦱ (moksa)
Kannada
ಮೋಕ್ಷ (mōkṣa)
Malayalam
മോക്ഷം (mōkṣaṁ)
Marathi
मोक्ष (moksh)
Nepali
मोक्ष (moksh)
Odia
ମୋକ୍ଷ (mokṣa)
Punjabi
ਮੋਖ (mokh)
Tamil
வீடுபேறு (vīdupēru)
Telugu
మోక్షము (mokshamu)
Gujarati
મોક્ષ (mōkṣa)
Glossary of Hinduism terms
Translations of Moksha
Chinese
解脫 (Pinyin: jiětuō)
Japanese
解脱 (Rōmaji: gedatsu)
Korean
해탈 (RR: haetal)
Sinhala
මෝක්ෂ (moksha)
Thai
โมกษะ (RTGS: moksa)
Vietnamese
giải thoát
Glossary of Buddhism
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Moksha (/ˈmoʊkʃə/; Sanskrit: मोक्ष, mokṣa), also called vimoksha, vimukti, and mukti,[1] is a term in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism for various forms of emancipation, liberation, nirvana, or release.[2] In its soteriological and eschatological senses, it refers to freedom from saṃsāra, the cycle of death and rebirth.[3] In its epistemological and psychological senses, moksha is freedom from ignorance: self-realization, self-actualization and self-knowledge.[4]
In Hindu traditions, moksha is a central concept[5] and the utmost aim of human life; the other three aims are dharma (virtuous, proper, moral life), artha (material prosperity, income security, means of life), and kama (pleasure, sensuality, emotional fulfillment).[6] Together, these four concepts are called Puruṣārtha in Hinduism.[7]
In some schools of Indian religions, moksha is considered equivalent to and used interchangeably with other terms such as vimoksha, vimukti, kaivalya, apavarga, mukti, nihsreyasa and nirvana.[8] However, terms such as moksha and nirvana differ and mean different states between various schools of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.[9] The term nirvana is more common in Buddhism,[10] while moksha is more prevalent in Hinduism.[11]
^"The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism, vimoksha". Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
^John Bowker, The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0192139658, p. 650
^Sharma 2000, p. 113.
^See:
E. Deutsch, The self in Advaita Vedanta, in Roy Perrett (Editor), Indian philosophy: metaphysics, Volume 3, ISBN 0-8153-3608-X, Taylor and Francis, pp 343–360;
T. Chatterjee (2003), Knowledge and Freedom in Indian Philosophy, ISBN 978-0739106921, pp 89–102; Quote – "Moksa means freedom"; "Moksa is founded on atmajnana, which is the knowledge of the self.";
Jorge Ferrer, Transpersonal knowledge, in Transpersonal Knowing: Exploring the Horizon of Consciousness (editors: Hart et al.), ISBN 978-0791446157, State University of New York Press, Chapter 10
^John Tomer (2002), Human well-being: a new approach based on overall and ordinary functionings, Review of Social Economy, 60(1), pp 23–45; Quote – "The ultimate aim of Hindus is self-liberation or self-realization (moksha)."
^See:
A. Sharma (1982), The Puruṣārthas: a study in Hindu axiology, Michigan State University, ISBN 9789993624318, pp 9–12; See review by Frank Whaling in Numen, Vol. 31, 1 (Jul., 1984), pp. 140–142;
A. Sharma (1999), The Puruṣārthas: An Axiological Exploration of Hinduism, The Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 27, No. 2 (Summer, 1999), pp. 223–256;
Chris Bartley (2001), Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy, Editor: Oliver Learman, ISBN 0-415-17281-0, Routledge, Article on Purushartha, pp 443;
The Hindu Kama Shastra Society (1925), The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana, University of Toronto Archives, pp. 8
^See:
Gavin Flood (1996), The meaning and context of the Purusarthas, in Julius Lipner (Editor) – The Fruits of Our Desiring, ISBN 978-1896209302, pp 11–21;
Karl H. Potter (2002), Presuppositions of India's Philosophies, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120807792, pp. 1–29
^The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism: "Vimoksha [解脱]" (Skt.; Jpn. gedatsu). Emancipation, release, or liberation. The Sanskrit words vimukti, mukti, and moksha also have the same meaning. Vimoksha means release from the bonds of earthly desires, delusion, suffering, and transmigration. While Buddhism sets forth various kinds and stages of emancipation, or enlightenment, the supreme emancipation is nirvana, a state of perfect quietude, freedom, and deliverance. See The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism, vimoksha Archived 22 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
^See:
Loy, David (1982), Enlightenment in Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta: Are Nirvana and Moksha the Same?, International Philosophical Quarterly, 23 (1), pp 65–74;
T. Chatterjea (2003), Knowledge and Freedom in Indian Philosophy, ISBN 978-0739106921, pp 89; Quote – "In different philosophical systems moksa appears in different names, such as apavarga, nihsreyasa, nirvana, kaivalya, mukti, etc. These concepts differ from one another in detail."
^Peter Harvey (2013), An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices, ISBN 978-0521859424, Cambridge University Press
^Knut Jacobsen, in The Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies (Editor: Jessica Frazier), ISBN 978-0-8264-9966-0, pp 74–83
Moksha (/ˈmoʊkʃə/; Sanskrit: मोक्ष, mokṣa), also called vimoksha, vimukti, and mukti, is a term in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism for various...
The Mokshas (also Mokshans, Moksha people; Moksha: Мокшет/Mokšet) comprise a Mordvinian ethnic group belonging to the Volgaic branch of the Finno-Ugric...
Moksha (мокшень кяль, mokšəń käĺ, pronounced ['mɔkʃənʲ kʲælʲ]) is a Mordvinic language of the Uralic family, with around 130,000 native speakers in 2010...
equivalents in Moksha and Erzya) is an official term used in the Russian Federation to refer both to Erzyas and Mokshas since 1928. The Erzya-Moksha Autonomy...
Retrieved 2021-11-11. "Story of Gajendra Moksha". DNA Of Hinduism. Retrieved 2021-11-11. "Gajendra Moksha : The Day When Lord Vishnu Helped Gajraj"....
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cycle of birth and rebirth. In Indian religions, nirvana is synonymous with moksha and mukti. All Indian religions assert it to be a state of perfect quietude...
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of unending or Eternal Moksha. He says, the 'Eternal Moksha' or 'Ananta Moksha', refers to the 'permanency of pleasures of Moksha' unlike the momentary...
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concept is moksha, which is the final gunasthana. The Jain theory explains moksha differently from the similar term found in Hinduism. Moksha is a blissful...
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various Hindu ideas about dharma, theistic bhakti, and the yogic ideal of moksha. The text covers Jñāna, Bhakti, Karma, and Rāja yogas, while incorporating...
Mordovia (Russian: Мордовия; Moksha: Мордовиясь; Erzya: Мордовиясь), officially the Republic of Mordovia, is a republic of Russia, situated in Eastern...
Counting in prehistory was first assisted by using body parts, primarily the fingers. This is reflected in the etymology of certain number names, such...
Harshitha, and Lakshmi Manchu. Once Upon a Warrior focuses on the journey of Moksha , a nine-year-old girl with special healing powers, and Yodha , her fierce...
consciousness to higher levels of spiritual enlightenment and finally to Moksha. The Gyan Chauper board is in a grid pattern. The Hindu Gyan Chauper has...